Cantu a tenore – Wikipedia
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Model of polyphonic folks singing attribute of Sardinia, notably the area of Barbagia
| Canto a tenore, Sardinian pastoral songs | |
|---|---|
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| Nation | Italy |
| Domains | Music |
| Standards | ??? |
| Reference | 00165 |
| Area | EU |
| Inscription | 2008 (third session) |
| List | Consultant |
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The cantu a tenòre (Sardinian: su tenòre, su cuncòrdu, su cuntràttu, su cussèrtu, s’agorropamèntu, su cantu a pròa; Italian: canto a tenore) is a mode of polyphonic folk singing attribute of the island of Sardinia (Italy‘s second largest island), notably the area of Barbagia, although another Sardinian sub-regions bear examples of such custom.
In 2005, UNESCO proclaimed the cantu a tenore to be an instance of intangible cultural heritage.[1][2]
Etymology[edit]
The phrase tenore is to not be confused with the phrase “tenor” as a easy description of vocal register; it refers back to the precise type of people singing and is distinguished from different comparable kinds referred to as by completely different names in other places on the island, corresponding to taja in Gallura and concordu in Logudoro (Sassu 1978).
Within the Barbagia area on the island of Sardinia, there are two completely different kinds of polyphonic singing:
cuncordu, normally a type of sacred music, sung with common voices, and tenore, normally a type of profane music, marked by means of overtone singing.
Method[edit]
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Cantu a tenore is historically practised by teams of 4 male singers standing in a detailed circle.[1] Every singer has a definite position, right here listed in descending pitch order—kind a chorus (one other that means of tenore):
- ‘oche or boche (pronounced /oke/ or /boke/, ‘voice’) is the solo voice
- mesu ‘oche or mesu boche is the ‘half voice’
- contra is the ‘counter’
- bassu as ‘bass’
The bassu sings the identical notice sung by the ‘oche, and contra a fifth above the bassu. The ‘Oche and the mesu ‘oche sing in a daily voice, whereas the contra and the bassu sing with a method affecting the larynx.
The ‘oche sings a poetic textual content in Sardinian, which could be of epic, historic, satirical, amorous and even protest style. The refrain consists of nonsense syllables (for instance bim-bam-boo).
In line with common custom, mesu ‘oche imitates the sound of wind, whereas the contra imitates a sheep bleating and the bassu a cow lowing.
The solo voice begins a monodic vocal line and is then joined by the others as he signifies to them to hitch in.
The impact is considerably that of a round besides that the factors the place the opposite singers take part differ and, thus, the harmonies differ from model to model. The execution differs in particulars between every of the villages the place a tenore is sung to such an extent that the village could be instantly acknowledged.
Custom[edit]
Though these days cuncordu and cantu a tenore are carried out solely by males, recollections stay of a time the place ladies teams carried out as nicely, following the matriarchal custom of Sardinia. In line with some anthropologists, cantu a tenore was carried out again in Nuragic times.[citation needed]
Among the most well-known teams who carry out a tenore are Tenores di Bitti, Tenore de Orosei, Tenore di Oniferi and Tenores di Neoneli.
References[edit]
- Macchiarella, Ignazio (1990). “La polivocalità di tradizione orale in Italia”. “Le tradizioni popolari in Italia; canti e musiche popolari” a cura di Roberto Leydi. Milano: Electa. ISBN 8843532464.
- Mercurio, Paolo (2001). Dialogo del Canto a Tenore. Solinas, Nuoro.
- Sassu, P. (1978). La musica sarda. Milano: 3 LPs and booklet, Albatros VPA 8150-52. Cited in Macchiarella (1990).
- Mercurio, Paolo (2014). Introduzione alla Musica Sarda. Narcissus, Milano. ISBN 9788868850135.
Listening[edit]
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