freshmeat.internet: Themes – The Antidesktop
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The Antidesktop
by jeff covey, in Themes – Saturday, October twelfth 2002 00:00 PST
Through the years, I’ve used 4Dwm, Afterstep, Blackbox, Enlightenment,
FVWM, Icewm, KWM, PWM, Sawfish, Window Maker, and wmx, and performed with
many different window managers. I used Window Maker greater than some other,
however typically would solely keep on with one for a few months earlier than
getting stressed and attempting one thing else. Lastly, although, I
settled on a setup I’ve used completely for over a 12 months. It is
decidedly not for everybody, however could also be of curiosity to some.
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Here is a screenshot of what I see after I kind “startx”:
Thrilling, no?
Let’s go into what you are not seeing behind this easy facade.
The Parts
display
screen has lengthy
gained my vote for “Most Undercelebrated Unix Software”. I am amazed on the
variety of folks I’ve met at LUG conferences who’ve by no means heard of it.
I am going to quote the outline of it from our itemizing:
Display screen is a full-screen window supervisor that multiplexes a bodily
terminal between a number of processes, usually interactive shells. Every
digital terminal gives the capabilities of the DEC VT100 terminal and,
as well as, a number of management capabilities from the ANSI X3.64 (ISO 6429)
and ISO 2022 requirements (e.g., insert/delete line and assist for
a number of character units).
Whenever you log onto a system and run display, a window is
created with a shell in it. You possibly can create any variety of different
home windows and swap back-and-forth between them. display stays out of
your means except you hit its management key (^A by default). “^A c”
creates a brand new window. “^A n” and “^A p” transfer to the following and former
home windows. “^A w” offers an inventory of the present home windows and reveals which
you are in. “^A 3” strikes to the third window, and so on. (“^A a” offers a
literal “^A”.)
That is particularly helpful if, for instance, that you must log onto your
college’s system and carry out a number of duties there. You possibly can learn
mail in a single window, chat on IRC in one other, edit your mission in
different, compile it in one other, and so on.
Maybe the perfect characteristic of display is that it helps you to detach and
reattach periods. When it is time to go away dwelling, you possibly can hit “^A d”
to detach the session, and sign off. All of your processes will proceed
to run. Drive to highschool, log in, kind display -D -R, and your
session will reattach itself, and you may proceed proper the place you
left off. Log off and go to class, and reattach there.
Go over to a good friend’s home, and reattach there. You possibly can have your
textual content mode “desktop” operating on a regular basis, with all the things laid out as
you prefer it, and connect with it from wherever, as GUI folks do with
VNC.
You possibly can set your desktop up in your ~/.screenrc so you do not have to
begin all of your functions each time. Mine appears to be like like this:
startup_message off
display -M -t root 0 su -
display -t mail 1 mutt
display -t emacs 2 xemacs -nw -e gnuserv-start
display -t irc 3 epic4
display -t yahoo 4 centericq
display -t mixer 5 aumix
display 6
display 7
display 8
display 9
display 10
choose 1
If I do not have already got a display session operating, all I’ve to do is
kind display, and my 11 home windows are created for me. I am
dropped into the primary one so I can learn my mail whereas my different apps
begin within the background, log me onto IRC, and so on. Relying in your
wants, you possibly can produce other home windows tailing log information (and monitoring
them to warn you to exercise (-M)), logging you on to different
servers, and so on.
display has a enormous characteristic set. It could actually log home windows to information,
can break up a session between a number of terminals, will allow you to copy and
paste between home windows utilizing solely the keyboard, and is rumored to be
surprisingly efficient in opposition to the heartbreak of psoriasis. Simply take
a take a look at its man web page or data documentation to get an thought of its
scope.
ratpoison
Now that you simply perceive display, we are able to discuss in regards to the window supervisor
which unobtrusively shows itself within the screenshot above,
ratpoison.
ratpoison is:
… a easy window supervisor with no massive library dependencies, no
fancy graphics, no window decorations, and no rodent dependence. It’s
largely modeled after GNU Display screen, which has executed wonders within the
digital terminal market. All interplay with the window supervisor is
executed by means of keystrokes. ratpoison has a prefix map to attenuate the
key clobbering that cripples EMACS and different high quality items of
software program. All home windows are maximized and saved maximized to keep away from
squandering precious display house.
As display handles textual content home windows, ratpoison handles GUI home windows. Every
window is identical dimension, the scale of the display. There aren’t any title
bars, no reduce buttons, not one of the muddle that is wanted by a
mouse. Mozilla
appears to be like like this:
You are able to do fancier break up screens to make a number of functions seen
without delay:
, however I do not hassle. I would like every program to have all of the room it
can.
ratpoison stays out of the best way till you hit its management key (I set it
to ^O as a result of “a” and “o” are subsequent to one another in my keyboard
format). “^O w” offers me an inventory of the present home windows. “^O 1” takes
me to the primary one. “^O ^O” switches me again to the one I used most
just lately. “^O n” and “^O p” take me to the following and former ones.
“^O okay” closes the present window. “^O !” brings up a immediate by which
I can kind a command to begin a program; I discover “^O ! cbb” to be a lot sooner
than looking by means of menus.
As you’d anticipate, ratpoison is lightning quick and completely steady.
Functions
My important utility is a gnome-terminal operating display. I exploit
gnome-terminal as a result of it is simply configured to make use of good fonts, a
shiny shade scheme, and no scrollbar, menu bar, and so on. it
over my shoulder, you’d assume I used to be operating on the console as a substitute of
in X.
I put as a lot of my exercise as potential into this single
gnome-terminal. Usually, I am operating nothing however this, Mozilla, and
possibly XMMS (which I
solely use as a result of I am too lazy to discover a console MP3 participant which offers
effectively with my awful fixed-rate sound card).
I do nearly all the things in console apps. EPIC4 and centericq deal with
IRC and on the spot messaging. mutt handles my mail. The superb w3m is used for many of
my freshmeat work, because it’s infinitely better-suited than Mozilla for
coping with textual content on the Internet (typing in Mozilla cannot evaluate with the
capacity to dump textual content from a textbox into an actual editor for
processing). Each use
XEmacs[1]
by means of gnuclient. gnuclient permits me to name the already-running
XEmacs on display 2 to edit some textual content. Utilizing the identical XEmacs session
time and again results in a number of good options. For instance, the
kill and yank ring continues throughout periods. I can kill textual content from a
textual content field in w3m, swap to mutt, begin a message, and yank the textual content
into the message.
Benefits
Why have I settled into this method, and what advantages do I achieve from
it? I make the most of the perfect of each the X and console worlds. I
get the graphical talents of X with out all of the muddle that often
attends it, and I can work way more rapidly and with much less pressure on
my fingers as a result of I haven’t got to make use of a mouse.
Simplicity
At any second, my display is dedicated to just one factor. As I kind
this, all I see is XEmacs exhibiting this buffer. Since I can solely see
what I am engaged on at this second, I’ve to make the selection to go to
one thing else. I am unable to be distracted by textual content in an X-Chat window behind
this one, or by buddies showing and disappearing within the Gaim window within the
nook. If somebody messages me, centericq will play a sound; I do not
want to look at IM obsessively. If I am distracted, it is as a result of my thoughts
is distracted by a considered one thing else, not due to a flash
of shade within the periphery of my imaginative and prescient.
Since there’s nothing to tweak, I am not tempted to endlessly fidget
with my home windows and reconfigure my window supervisor, shifting this window
a bit to the left and that one to desktop two as a substitute of 4. I
do not get tired of a theme and spend 45 minutes searching for a brand new
one.
Readability
Each utility takes up all the display, and I can use massive
fonts to cut back eye pressure. Mozilla has the total width and peak of
my display, and if I’ve to scroll horizontally, it is the location
creator’s fault, not mine.
Flexibility
Once I’m dwelling, I do all my work on my laptop computer, which runs as an
xterminal related to my extra highly effective desktop machine. I like being
capable of transfer the laptop computer from place to put. The desktop’s monitor is
solely used for watching DVDs.
Since all my processes are operating on the desktop, if one thing goes
incorrect with my laptop computer, I can reattach my session on the desktop and go
on working. Since I do not rely completely on GUI functions, if
one thing goes incorrect that forestalls me from operating X, if I am positioned in
an setting by which I am unable to run X, or if I need to persist in my
untested however heartfelt perception that not operating X saves battery life, I
could be proud of the console.
Once I go away dwelling and run my laptop computer independently, I exploit the identical X
system on it. Earlier than leaving, I flip off mail supply and run a
script that rsyncs /var/www and /dwelling/jeff to the laptop computer. I detach
and go. If, whereas I am on the street, I need to examine the standing of a
job I left operating at dwelling, I can ssh again and reattach my dwelling
session. Once I get dwelling once more, I flip off mail supply on the
laptop computer, rsync again to the desktop, reattach the desktop session, and
push on.
Stability
Given the selection, ratpoison would run perpetually. I do not fear about my
window supervisor locking up, crashing X, or displaying random unusual
conduct.
Extra importantly, it would not even matter if X does take a dive. All
my functions are nonetheless operating in display. I can hit ctrl-alt-bksp,
run startx once more, kind display -D -R in
gnome-terminal, and the session will reattach. I can go on like
nothing occurred.
In truth, it would not matter if the entire laptop shuts down.
Generally, I do not discover that the cat has knocked the laptop computer’s energy
cable free once more[2], and instantly
see it suspending to disk. No drawback; I convey it again up, reconnect
it to the server, and reattach the display session that is fortunately
continued to run there on a regular basis.
If a tree falls on the server, my processes will go down with it, however
I am unable to assist that. There needs to be some level of failure, ultimately.
Obscurity
I will not name it real safety that will shield from a malicious
assault, however there is a component of obscurity to the system that may
shield from a good friend who needs to play a sensible joke once I stroll
away. I preserve xlock on “^O x”, however even when I step away from the
keyboard with out locking it, somebody stepping in tends to be confused
by a display that reveals no “shut” buttons and a keyboard set to
Dvorak.
Conclusions
The desktop metaphor has its place. It could even be important for
individuals who do not need to perceive what’s taking place beneath their
laptop’s GUI floor. In the event you do know how one can use your laptop
with out pointing and clicking, think about that you’ve the choice to
dispense with the metaphor, and should end up extra productive if
you do. You possibly can have the power to run all of the graphical
functions you want with out the muddle of a root window filled with
icons hidden beneath layer upon layer of home windows.
This is not for everybody, even among the many digerati. An artist could have
a real have to have a number of home windows of photographs in view without delay. For
somebody like myself who works in textual content, I discover it a wonderful system.
If one thing like this could be a great match for you, I hope you have
discovered this description helpful.
In closing, I am going to admit to a sure impish glee in placing this
article within the themes space of our articles part. In a way, it
belongs as a result of it is a description of how I “theme” my desktop. In a
extra authentic sense, it ought to be thrown out as a result of there is no such thing as a
“desktop” in my system, and nothing to theme. Attempt to troll gently in
the feedback.
Footnotes
- Ummm… Why not simply Emacs, in case you’re
not utilizing its GUI mode anyway? I used to make use of VM to learn mail,
and there was a time when the then-current model of VM would run on
XEmacs however not Emacs. I switched, loved the colour assist on
the console (not a characteristic of Emacs on the time), and simply by no means
bought round to switching again. - I do not have a touch upon this; I simply
do not like having just one footnote.[3] - There, that is higher.
Creator’s bio:
When he isn’t cracking the whip on the freshmeat employees or attempting to
determine what contributors are attempting to inform him, you will discover jeff
covey hanging round http://pobox.com/~jeff.covey/.
T-Shirts and Fame!
We’re keen to search out folks occupied with writing articles on
software-related matters. We’re versatile on size, type, and
subject, as long as what you are speaking about and again up
your opinions with info. Anybody who writes an article will get a
t-shirt from ThinkGeek
along with quarter-hour of fame. In the event you assume you’d wish to attempt
your hand at it, let jeff.covey@freshmeat.net
know what you would like to write down about.
[»]
Not for everybody, however…
by Devin de Gruyl – Nov eighth 2002 13:37:45
After studying about this setup, I used to be intrigued sufficient to provide it a attempt for
myself. General I believe it is a good possibility in case you work primarily with
console functions (though in that case, why you’d need to use X at
all is one thing of an open query) or in case you wish to have your apps
full-screen.
There are some things about ratpoison that I do not significantly look after,
sadly. One is that EVERY window that may be resized, is
mechanically set to full-screen – even transient ones reminiscent of GTK file
selectors. The GIMP is rendered all however unusuable, as a result of it’s important to
swap to the full-screen toolbox (which appears to be like as awkward because it sounds).
And even functions that may usually be moved with out want of a window
supervisor’s titlebar, reminiscent of XMMS, are perpetually caught dead-center within the
display.
Alternatively, in case you do not usually use GUI apps reminiscent of these, this
setup could be simply the no-frills desktop you are searching for. The
mixture of display, ratpoison, and gnome-terminal offers the console fan
the economic system sized, mouse-enabled workspace she or he has been craving,
with out having to dicker with messy SVGATextMode and gpm configurations.
And since it’s operating beneath X, it is not essential to sacrifice the
capacity to make use of GUI apps when the necessity or temper strikes. In that respect,
it is a best-of-both-worlds strategy.
Though I am typing this proper now utilizing Galeon, most of my work on this
setup is finished utilizing the console apps operating beneath display. I exploit mutt for
mail studying, jstar for textual content enhancing (I am *actually* getting to like the
WordStar command set!), epic4 for IRC chatting, hyperlinks for searching (although
I am considering of attempting w3m simply to see what the fuss is about), TinyMUCK
for these uncommon instances when my travels take me to MU* territory, mpg123 for
tunes, slrn for Usenet, and sc (a pleasant console spreadsheet program) for
varied mathematical chores. Graphically, Galeon is my GUI browser of
alternative, and I additionally use OpenOffice, gqview, pan, and evolution for varied
functions – all of which work very effectively as fullscreen apps. Nevertheless, when
I’ve to make use of one thing like The GIMP, it is again into Fluxbox I’m going; the
means ratpoison handles GIMPing is simply plain not for me.
This mix actually is not for everybody, but when you end up
utilizing xterms as a rule for sure duties, it’s possible you’ll discover it a enjoyable
change of tempo. I think about myself a confirmed “GUI junkie,” however
this setup could convert me to the Darkish Facet but… ;^)
[»]
Re: Not for everybody, however…
by Devin de Gruyl – Nov eighth 2002 13:42:59
> TinyMUCK for these uncommon instances
> when my travels take me to MU*
> territory,
Oops. I meant to say TinyFugue, not TinyMUCK (which is a Home windows MU*
shopper). Sorry ’bout that… I am all the time getting the 2 program names
blended up.
[»]
eschewing X altogether
by Scorify – Oct thirty first 2002 15:47:42
I by no means knew so many individuals thought the identical means as I do about desktops
till studying this text and its feedback! display feels like a
must-have app.
My present setup eschews X altogether. I exploit svgatextmode to set my
text-mode linux console to be 180 strains by 80 columns. And I modify
inittab to spawn 15 terminals.
At that time ALT-F1 to ALT-F12 swap rapidly between all my terminals.
I additionally use ALT-left and ALT-right to get to 13-15 (that are used for
less-often accessed apps).
w3m for net searching, groovycd for cd’s and splay for mp3’s (mpg123 has
issues with some mp3’s). emacs for enhancing. mutella for gnutella p2p.
lftp for ftp.
copy-and-paste is dealt with with gpm.
I’ve had the identical expertise of switching from desktop to desktop, with
WindowMaker and BlackBox being essentially the most favored. However I might say this
configuration has been my best.
[»]
Ratpoison && detaching X11 like ‘display does
by Mike Hanulec – Oct twenty first 2002 11:38:11
Hello..
I learn this Parg:
“Since all my processes are operating on the desktop, if one thing goes
incorrect with my laptop computer, I can reattach my session on the desktop and go on
working. Since I do not rely completely on GUI functions, if one thing
goes incorrect that forestalls me from operating X, if I am positioned in an
setting by which I am unable to run X, or if I need to persist in my untested
however heartfelt perception that not operating X saves battery life, I could be comfortable
with the console.”
however I do not assume Ratpoison can do that…. as one thing else, like
‘xmove’, is required. Please appropriate me if I am incorrect.
-Mike
GNU Display screen consumer since ’98
[»]
Re: Ratpoison && detaching X11 like ‘display does
by peter mutsaers – Nov ninth 2002 03:23:12
> however I do not assume Ratpoison can do
> this…. as one thing else, like
> ‘xmove’, is required. Please appropriate me
> if I am incorrect.
>
Ratpoison, nor any window supervisor can do that. X shoppers join immediately
to the server (i.e. your display). If the display detaches, all shoppers
free their connection thus are terminated.
The (solely) answer is to make use of a particular X server. vnc is one such server,
that provides a remotely controllable desktop on one aspect (in your display)
and an X server on the opposite aspect. Thus in case your display detaches, the X
server with all its X shoppers continues to run. See tightvnc.
[»]
One dimension doesn’t match all
by foobarfoo – Oct 18th 2002 20:37:01
ratpoison appears to be like like a neat toy… and if, just like the creator of this text,
you are largely operating non-gui apps, it is advantageous
i like display and have used it for a few years, however i might by no means restrict
myself to it is capabilities. ratpoison feels like display with a bit
further gui, and for me that is simply not almost sufficient.
enable me to sing the praises of different, extra full featured window managers
and gui apps..
first, i like having gui apps opened on the display on the similar time, and
seeing all of them… for instance, i take advantage of gkrellm, which supplies me cpu/disk/internet
stats at a look (no keystrokes mandatory)… my quantity widget is there,
as are my most regularly used apps in a button bar… as with ratpoison,
there is not any have to hunt by means of menus to get at any of those capabilities,
however there’s additionally no have to kind any instructions in any respect… they’re all
only a click on away
having a pager on the display additionally makes it apparent which apps are the place,
which is a good enchancment on the display conference of biking by means of
screens to get to your app, or having to make use of cumbersome naming and
keystroke combos… display is all advantageous and good for just a few apps, however
while you exceed that quantity it begins to get a bit unwieldy… which is
one of many causes i even have a few terminals open… most of my
work is finished within the regular, inexperienced, consumer terminal… with the pink terminal
reserved for root actions. i’ve no want for these terminals to be the
width of my full 1600×1200 display… i would somewhat use the additional actual property
to have two or extra apps on the display on the similar time, which often
means gvim + 2 terminals (and the gkrellm, buttonbar, quantity, pager and
icon field that are sticky on every display, however these take up minimal actual
property)
opera takes up almost a full window, simply as you could have with ratpoison, as i
like to make use of tabs as a substitute of free-floating home windows, however i do not surrender the
remainder of my windowing options to do that
briefly, ratpoison could also be alright as a light-weight window supervisor, but it surely
comes up missing for an influence consumer… now vnc appears to be a a lot better
display praise, because it permits you to detach and reattach your window
session simply as you do with display itself… and i’d simply be taking a
take a look at it or tight vnc subsequent
[»]
evilwm – one other good minimal wm
by wayne – Oct 18th 2002 17:41:58
There’s additionally evilwm
which, for some, could be that 1-pixel border no-nonsense
keyboard-controlled wm you’re searching for.
I do not know why Ciaran known as it evilwm. He ought to have known as it
goodwm. 🙂
[»]
UI Design with Blinders
by Gre.g – Oct seventeenth 2002 22:03:55
what’s it with all these “minimalist” window managers that
are not any totally different from different windowmanagers? Ratpoison
is the closest I’ve seen to what I’d need, however i do not need
to truly lose the power to make use of a number of home windows on the
similar time and place them the place I would like. I simply need to lose all
the extraneous bs that each wm lately insists on
plastering everywhere in the display. Title bars, 3d animated borders
to tug, and on and on. All I would like is a contemporary
windowmanager that helps fashionable options like gnome
and kde however has a theme that is near my present twm
setup. No title bars, 1 pixel borders that I can drag to maneuver
or resize. Even the minimalist themes for e, sawfish, and so on, all
appear to be nothing greater than taking part in with colors and
background tiles and never truly rethinking whether or not all this
crud is basically mandatory.
[»]
Re: UI Design with Blinders
by Mary Poppins – Oct 18th 2002 08:43:11
% Even the minimalist themes
> for e, sawfish, and so on, all
> appear to be nothing greater than taking part in
> with colors and
> background tiles and never truly
> rethinking whether or not all this
> crud is basically mandatory.
I run sawfish with all frames, decorations, and so on. turned off, and transfer with
alt-left-drag and resize with alt-right-drag. alt-middle brings up the WM
menu for anything (largely the uncommon force-close op).
;
; resize and transfer a la WindowMaker
;
(unbind-keys window-keymap “W-Button3-Click1”)
(bind-keys window-keymap “W-Button3-Transfer”
‘resize-window-interactively)
;
; take away all window ornament
;
(add-frame-style ‘no_frames (lambda (a b) nil-frame))
(custom-set-variable ‘default-frame-style ‘no_frames)
[»]
Add my vote for display
by ndiff – Oct sixteenth 2002 16:47:19
I have been operating most of my world inside
display for just a few years now. Even with
its warts, the benefits are a win.
Usually I’ve two home windows: a display
terminal and a tabbed browser. Generally
I forego the graphical browser and use
lynx as a substitute. With emacs, pine, mutt, and so on
one hardly wants a heavy GUI for many each day
duties.
Ratpoison appears to be like prefer it deserves some
consideration. It appears regardless of how briskly
of a system I get the most recent KDE/Gnome set up
is there to make startup run slower than my
earlier CPU.
[»]
konsole full-screen mode
by Reid Ellis – Oct sixteenth 2002 13:51:19
My monitor appears to be like like yours a whole lot of the time as a result of I run Konsole with
mutliple terminals, operating full-screen. I really like the
shift-left-arrow/shift-right-arrow keys for switching, and might set {custom}
backgrounds, and so on. After all this lacks display’s session-handling
performance, so I’m going to research that. I hope the keys could be
reconfigured, although. I do not need to study one more set of keys for
switching contexts.
[»]
Re: konsole full-screen mode
by Mary Poppins – Oct 18th 2002 08:49:11
> After all this lacks
> display’s session-handling performance,
> so I’m going to research that. I
> hope the keys could be reconfigured,
> although. I do not need to study but
> one other set of keys for switching
> contexts.
display’s session-handling is a super-fantastic characteristic, particularly in case you
do your job each at dwelling and on the workplace. I run a display session on my
NetBSD field in my dice, and once I’m at dwelling I can ssh in and connect with
it, and I am proper the place I left off! No VPN software program wanted, no extra
forgetting what it was that I used to be as much as.
You needn’t fear about display’s configurability. It’s totally configurable,
although not as a lot as, say, sawfish or emacs, which embed script
interpreters. In the event you simply need to set {custom} bindings, you possibly can actually
do this. I’ve alt-number set to leap to the corresponding display, to
match galeon and gaim’s tab-switching bindings. It is super-fantastic.
🙂
[»]
Re: konsole full-screen mode
by Mary Poppins – Oct 18th 2002 16:00:58
> I’ve alt-number
> set to leap to the corresponding display,
> to match galeon and gaim’s tab-switching
> bindings. It is super-fantastic. 🙂
>
The .screenrc snippet is as follows, with <alt-char> changed by the
literal character my terminal interprets from that keyboard combo:
# ^T is the escape
bindkey “