The best way to take care of receiving a cease-and-desist letter from Huge Tech
Though this text isn’t associated to any of the 12 Challenges so far, it’s on a topic I’m creating for a possible future problem.
In July 2021 Facebook sent me a cease-and-desist letter as a result of I made a browser extension, Unfollow All the things, which helped individuals use Fb much less.
Through the years, quite a few builders who’ve additionally obtained cease-and-desist letters from Fb have gotten in contact with me — so right here’s a round-up of my recommendation.
Disclaimer: I’m not a lawyer, and nothing in right here ought to be taken as authorized recommendation. I’ll attempt to add caveats all through the place my expertise will not be related.
In the event you’ve already obtained a cease-and-desist letter, skip to the subsequent part.
However if you’re making software program or doing analysis that’s adversarial to Huge Tech and haven’t thought in any respect about the potential of receiving a cease-and-desist letter, this message is for you:
Remember that it may occur any day!
I didn’t perceive that making software program that interoperated with Fb opened me as much as the danger of a cease-and-desist letter and a lifetime ban.
Being extra conscious of that would have set my expectations higher in order that I wouldn’t have been so shocked.
A helpful rule of thumb:
If you’re doing virtually something, together with however not restricted to software program, that interacts with Huge Tech platforms exterior of official APIs or companies, you might be susceptible to receiving a cease-and-desist letter — even for those who don’t see what you’re doing as adversarial to the platform.
Sending out cease-and-desist letters could be very simple, and these platforms have some huge cash, so it is smart for them to solid the online huge.
Issues that may decrease your threat are:
-
Working inside a big group with a authorized and PR crew able to defend you, which is able to make Huge Tech platforms assume twice earlier than hitting ship
-
Engaged on one thing that’s clearly within the public curiosity, and that can blow up in Huge Tech’s face in the event that they attempt to ban it, e.g. analysis
(Be aware that neither of those stopped Fb sending NYU researchers a cease-and-desist in 2021, so there are not any ensures.)
Now that you simply’re anticipating the danger of a cease-and-desist, listed here are just a few preparatory steps:
-
Obtain a duplicate of your whole information from the platform you might be engaged on (in addition to any associated platforms, e.g. owned by the identical Huge Tech firm), and do that often — particularly for those who’re not based mostly in a jurisdiction just like the UK or EU the place you might be legally entitled to demand your information even after being banned
-
Be certain nothing vital in your life depends on utilizing the platform. It shouldn’t be your major technique of contacting any vital individuals in your life, you shouldn’t depend on it as a major technique of leisure or to maintain up-to-date. Ideally you shouldn’t have any reliance in any respect on the platform, in case you get banned for all times
-
Learn the platform’s phrases of service to grasp which issues they could accuse you of doing that breach the settlement. Yeah, I do know — you’ll need to change into certainly one of roughly three individuals on the planet who ever truly learn this doc
-
Seek the advice of a lawyer in your jurisdiction to get their opinion on what you might be doing vs. the phrases of service (and vs. IP legislation, CFAA and so forth.), so that you simply aren’t blindsided. Ensure you have the lawyer a telephone name away for whenever you want them
Nice. Let’s transfer on to whenever you obtain a letter.
On the precise day that issues went down, the very first thing I observed was that I couldn’t log into my Fb or Instagram accounts. Then, 5 hours later — Thursday night at midnight — I received the cease-and-desist letter. I didn’t actually perceive what it was. I’d have needed to know that:
-
There was just about zero probability of going to jail, or certainly court docket (looking back, it appears loopy that I used to be frightened about this — nevertheless it reveals simply how scary the expertise was, and the way ill-equipped I used to be to take care of it)
-
A cease-and-desist letter doesn’t imply any form of formal authorized motion has began towards you. It’s notionally a primary step in the direction of that form of factor, however in follow it’s used to scare you into doing what the corporate needs — and for those who do it, they’re unlikely to go additional
-
Firms can put all types of outrageous claims and calls for in a cease-and-desist letter, even when they aren’t true or legally enforceable. It’s basically a bullying tactic. They will reference components of their phrases of service that you simply signed as much as, which is able to make issues sound scarier, however these phrases might themselves be fully unfair
-
Firms have unfair phrases of service as a result of they’re a wishlist of how they’d just like the world to work — which is able to stand till it will get challenged in court docket or chastised by a regulator (and that can take years!).
-
So even when the corporate is quoting their phrases of service at you, keep in mind that a few of these could also be fully unenforceable if the matter had been to succeed in court docket
-
-
The purpose of cease-and-desist letters is to get you to cease. In the event you cease, and for those who didn’t do something very unhealthy in any respect, doubtless that’ll be the top of the matter. I get the sense that the important thing metric the legislation agency representing the Huge Tech firm is attempting to hit is sort of merely ‘did they cease?’. Though the corporate should hold following up with different calls for, as we’ll see later
-
The letter might attempt to gaslight you. There could also be claims in there which can be false, defamatory, insulting, and so forth. This doesn’t imply that you may take their threats any much less severely, sadly. Nevertheless it does make the entire state of affairs much more tousled. Don’t rush to react to those false claims — go to the subsequent part first
So. You’re looking at your cease-and-desist letter. What must you do subsequent?
-
I’m depressed to be scripting this, but when it’s comparatively costless to you to pause offering the software program or service they’re concentrating on, and for those who don’t have entry to $$$ of authorized funds, I’d go forward and pause instantly. The truth is that you simply’re being bullied by a agency with just about infinite sources and at this level, whilst you’re nonetheless in shock and scared, it’s in all probability greatest to easily take a pause. You possibly can at all times change your thoughts later, when you’ve had an opportunity to get extra snug with the state of affairs
-
There could also be an aggressive deadline to reply on the cease-and-desist letter. For me, it was 48 hours — and I obtained it on a Thursday night time at midnight! I’d strongly advise that you simply don’t rush to answer the letter, and discover a lawyer to advise you first. The very last thing you wish to do is reply with an electronic mail the place you make a bunch of statements that the corporate can use towards you, since you don’t perceive the legislation. A 48 hour deadline is plainly ridiculous — that’s not sufficient time to get authorized recommendation and determine learn how to reply. It’s all a part of the bullying techniques. However it is best to nonetheless reply inside every week or so
-
There additionally could also be a laundry record of calls for within the letter: clarify how your software program works, give an inventory of the domains you personal and apps you use, inform us the income you constituted of the software program, conform to by no means once more do X, Y, Z. I’d roundly ignore all of their calls for for now, and easily stick with pausing the software program or service, and never responding but to their letter
-
Bringing these factors collectively seems to be like:
-
Discover a lawyer
-
Pause the software program or service, if there’s minimal draw back to doing so
-
Don’t reply till you discover a lawyer
-
-
One other factor to notice: at this level, you’ll doubtless have been banned from the platform. However for those who haven’t been (but), instantly obtain all of your information from all accounts. They may not but have noticed an account or two
Receiving a cease-and-desist letter is a good lifehack to realizing this essentially miserable truth about most authorized techniques*:
It doesn’t matter for those who’re proper. It issues you probably have cash, time, and willpower to go to court docket.
Let’s say you discover a lawyer, as suggested within the earlier part. You seek the advice of them concerning the cease-and-desist letter, and they’re shocked by how weak the authorized arguments are. They are saying there’s no method a decide or jury would permit their calls for and their ban to face. Nice!
Nope. As a result of now you’d must threat your funds, psychological well being and years of your life to litigate towards the Huge Tech firm. In different phrases, it’s fully irrelevant that you simply’re proper they usually’re unsuitable.
So:
Even if you’re certain you might be in the suitable, and that you’d virtually definitely win in court docket, you’ll be able to’t realistically do something about it. The earlier you settle for that, the higher.
The exception: if you’re working at a college or another large group (or for those who’re extraordinarily wealthy). In that case, you’ll have legal professionals aplenty — though the psychological toll, and the time you’ll need to spend, should not be price it. And also you’re nonetheless unlikely to get your accounts again, since platforms are at liberty to disclaim you entry to them for an entire number of causes.
Nonetheless decided to take the matter to court docket, however don’t have the cash? You are able to do two issues:
-
Crowdfund. And will probably be tough, since there are extra worthwhile issues individuals can donate to than a authorized case towards an infinite firm which you’re unlikely to win
-
Ask a basis for cash. Attempt to get funding to your authorized charges from foundations like OSF, Luminate, Reset and Ford Foundation (a few of the largest gamers in funding tech activism). That’ll even be tough, except you already know them or can get a really heat intro. These foundations desire working with individuals they know and belief, particularly on authorized points — and even then, they won’t see it as strategically helpful to fund your explicit case. An added complication is perhaps that they received’t even know the way a lot cash to put aside, since authorized charges can balloon over time
*Apparently there are some authorized techniques, significantly in Europe, the place the prices of taking Huge Tech to court docket are decrease. You’d need to ask your lawyer about that. The time and willpower elements could also be comparable although.
With that in thoughts, learn how to reply? You may have three choices, as laid out by this handy article:
-
Ignore
-
Comply
-
Defend
Ignoring fully, and selecting to maintain providing your software program or service, is extremely dangerous. The Huge Tech firm might very doubtless take you to court docket, and that might actually suck. So I’d not advocate .
Complying is one of the best ways to make this entire problem disappear and get your life again to regular, however you’ll be able to at all times achieve this selectively: cease doing no matter you’re doing (take down the app, cease the service), however then ignore different calls for that you simply see as unfair or onerous. Based mostly on my expertise, it’s doubtless the Huge Tech firm is not going to pursue you any additional, though they might observe up for some time (see beneath).
There is a crucial exception: for those who desperately want your accounts again, as an illustration your total livelihood depends upon it. If that’s the case, you in all probability wish to comply absolutely with each single factor they ask — be a totally open ebook. Don’t be remotely adversarial in any of your dealings. There’ll nonetheless be no assure of getting any accounts again, nevertheless it’s your solely probability.
Lastly, you’ll be able to defend your self, you probably have the time, cash and willpower. However as handled within the earlier part, that would find yourself being severely, severely painful, even if you’re fully in the suitable.
There’s, nonetheless, a method so that you can battle again via non-legal means:
If you wish to get catharsis and trigger Huge Tech grief, probably the most viable possibility is to take the battle to the court docket of public opinion. Inform the world about what occurred.
-
Submit concerning the letter in all places you’ll be able to. Sustain a drumbeat! One submit received’t get you anyplace
-
Attempt to enlist sympathetic journalists to write down concerning the state of affairs. A number of journalists are open to chilly outreach via social media
-
Attain out to superusers of your app and different sympathisers, and ask them to share your posts broadly
-
Contact politicians who symbolize you, as an illustration your native senator or consultant, or your MP. On the very least, they can hyperlink you to journalists or supply their sympathy
Value noting that this technique is most definitely to go effectively in case your software program or analysis was within the public curiosity.
Aspect be aware: in case your state of affairs attracts plenty of curiosity, chances are you’ll end up fully overwhelmed by messages from journalists, tweets from sympathetic followers, emails of help and so forth.
I don’t know the way I may have managed this higher, however I’d simply say — bear in mind that it may occur, and that even well-meaning help and helpful media curiosity could cause an enormous quantity of stress.
In the event you conform to do an interview, think about doing a little on-line coaching round learn how to speak to the media so that you simply get the factors throughout that you simply wish to, and so that you don’t say something on document that you simply don’t wish to.
One deeply disagreeable a part of the entire state of affairs was how usually, and for a way lengthy, Fb adopted up. For a complete 12 months, from July 2021 to June 2022, they saved sending me emails, just like the world’s best stalker. They then lastly went quiet, and I haven’t heard from them since. (Miss you guys!)
Originally, they despatched quite a few follow-ups asking for me to conform to the entire calls for within the authentic letter.
Then there was a interval of radio silence, till 7 months later they despatched via a brand new doc, which they known as a ‘Proposed Settlement’. I’m publishing this document here for the first ever time, in case it’s helpful to anybody.
The doc dangled the potential of my Fb and Instagram accounts being reinstated if I agreed to comparable calls for to these within the preliminary cease-and-desist letter (like agreeing to by no means make any software program once more that interacts with Fb), however with a enjoyable twist:
In different phrases, if I agreed to the letter after which went onto breach the phrases, Fb would mechanically be entitled to at the least $30k. (I suppose you need to get inventive to carry dwelling the bacon when Apple destroys a chunk of your revenue model.)
It could’ve been a horrible thought to signal this letter to get my accounts again, on condition that Fb made it clear that they’d haven’t any precise obligation by any means to do that:
So a few issues to remember:
-
You’ll obtain follow-ups. That a lot is mainly sure, and based mostly on my expertise with Fb, it might be for some time
-
You is perhaps given some ray of hope about with the ability to get your account again. However you’d be smart to disregard this if the language is something like what I obtained. In the event you actually, actually need your account again, you would possibly wish to get a lawyer to draft a response saying you’ll think about signing if the wording is tweaked to ensure that your accounts will probably be restored. (Or within the case the place it’s vital to get your accounts again, chances are you’ll merely wish to do no matter they are saying, to maintain seeming as cooperative to them as potential)
The ultimate stage of grief is acceptance. From what I can inform, in most cease-and-desist instances:
-
You’re not going to get your accounts again
-
You’re not going to have the ability to hold making the software program or doing the analysis
-
You’re not going to have cash, time or willpower to take it to court docket
So it is best to trigger as a lot of a stink within the court docket of public opinion as you’ll be able to — which actually can have affect, as a result of it’s going to add to the great lengthy record of Huge Tech authorized horror tales which politicians learn and ultimately create regulation in response to (within the EU, as an illustration).
After which it is best to in all probability simply settle for the state of affairs, and transfer on to engaged on one thing else.
However for those who’re cussed and, like me, don’t wish to ever settle for the state of affairs, then:
-
Preserve writing about it
-
Preserve the strain up on politicians. Ship your senator, or consultant, or MP common updates on what’s occurred because you first reached out. Tales of Huge Tech bullying can ultimately add as much as regulation
-
Construct bridges with organizations within the tech neighborhood, like Knight First Amendment Institute, who can and do take authorized motion to defend builders and researchers
No matter you determine to do, keep in mind that you’ll get via this, though it’s frankly a horrible, horrible expertise.
Good luck!
In the event you’ve obtained a cease-and-desist letter from Huge Tech, I’d love to listen to from you — 1) for power in numbers and a pair of) so as to add your experiences to this text. You possibly can electronic mail: hello [at] louis [dot] work.