Michigan Terminal System – Wikipedia

2023-03-11 13:53:38

The Michigan Terminal System (MTS) is without doubt one of the first time-sharing laptop operating systems.^[1] Developed in 1967 on the University of Michigan to be used on IBM S/360-67, S/370 and appropriate mainframe computers, it was developed and utilized by a consortium of eight universities within the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom over a interval of 33 years (1967 to 1999).^[2]

Overview[edit]

The College of Michigan Multiprogramming Supervisor (UMMPS) was developed by the employees of the tutorial computing heart on the University of Michigan for operation of the IBM S/360-67, S/370 and appropriate computer systems. The software program could also be described as a multiprogramming, multiprocessing, virtual memory, time-sharing supervisor that runs a number of resident, reentrant packages. Amongst these packages is the Michigan Terminal System (MTS) for command interpretation, execution management, file administration, and accounting. Finish-users work together with the computing sources by means of MTS utilizing terminal, batch, and server oriented services.^[2]

The title MTS refers to:

The UMMPS Job Program with which most end-users work together;
The software program system, together with UMMPS, the MTS and different Job Applications, Command Language Subsystems (CLSs), public information (packages), and documentation; and
The time-sharing service supplied at a selected website, together with the MTS software program system, the {hardware} used to run MTS, the employees that supported MTS and assisted end-users, and the related administrative insurance policies and procedures.

MTS was used on a manufacturing foundation at about 13 websites within the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Brazil, and probably in Yugoslavia and at a number of extra websites on a trial or benchmarking foundation. MTS was developed and maintained by a core group of eight universities included within the MTS Consortium.

The College of Michigan introduced in 1988 that “Dependable MTS service will likely be supplied so long as there are customers requiring it … MTS could also be phased out after options are in a position to meet customers’ computing necessities”.^[3] It ceased working MTS for end-users on June 30, 1996.^[4] By that point, most providers had moved to shopper/server-based computing techniques, usually Unix for servers and numerous Mac, PC, and Unix flavors for purchasers. The College of Michigan shut down its MTS system for the final time on Might 30, 1997.^[5]

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) is believed to be the final website to make use of MTS in a manufacturing surroundings. RPI retired MTS in June 1999.^[6]

In the present day, MTS nonetheless runs utilizing IBM S/370 emulators comparable to Hercules, Sim390,^[7] and FLEX-ES.^[8]

Origins[edit]

Within the mid-Sixties, the College of Michigan was offering batch processing providers on IBM 7090 {hardware} beneath the management of the University of Michigan Executive System (UMES), however was all for providing interactive providers utilizing time-sharing.^[9] At the moment the work that computer systems may carry out was restricted by their small real memory capability. When IBM launched its System/360 household of computer systems within the mid-Sixties, it didn’t present an answer for this limitation and inside IBM there have been conflicting views concerning the significance of and have to assist time-sharing.

A paper titled Program and Addressing Construction in a Time-Sharing Setting by Bruce Arden, Bernard Galler, Frank Westervelt (all affiliate administrators at UM’s educational Computing Heart), and Tom O’Brian constructing upon some primary concepts developed on the Massachusetts Institute of Expertise (MIT) was printed in January 1966.^[10] The paper outlined a virtual memory structure utilizing dynamic tackle translation (DAT) that may very well be used to implement time-sharing.

After a 12 months of negotiations and design research, IBM agreed to make a one-of-a-kind model of its S/360-65 mainframe laptop with dynamic tackle translation (DAT) options that may assist virtual memory and accommodate UM’s need to assist time-sharing. The pc was dubbed the Mannequin S/360-65M.^[9] The “M” stood for Michigan. However IBM initially determined to not provide a time-sharing working system for the machine. In the meantime, quite a lot of different establishments heard concerning the challenge, together with General Motors, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology‘s (MIT) Lincoln Laboratory, Princeton University, and Carnegie Institute of Expertise (later Carnegie Mellon University). They have been all intrigued by the time-sharing concept and expressed curiosity in ordering the modified IBM S/360 collection machines. With this demonstrated curiosity IBM modified the pc’s mannequin quantity to S/360-67 and made it a supported product.^[1] With requests for over 100 new mannequin S/360-67s IBM realized there was a marketplace for time-sharing, and agreed to develop a brand new time-sharing working system referred to as TSS/360 (TSS stood for Time-sharing System) for supply at roughly the identical time as the primary mannequin S/360-67.

Whereas ready for the Mannequin 65M to reach, UM Computing Heart personnel have been in a position to carry out early time-sharing experiments utilizing an IBM System/360 Model 50 that was funded by the ARPA CONCOMP (Conversational Use of Computer systems) Mission.^[11] The time-sharing experiment started as a “half-page of code written out on a kitchen desk” mixed with a small multi-programming system, LLMPS from MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory,^[1] which was modified and have become the UM Multi-Programming Supervisor (UMMPS) which in flip ran the MTS job program. This earliest incarnation of MTS was meant as a throw-away system used to achieve expertise with the brand new IBM S/360 {hardware} and which might be discarded when IBM’s TSS/360 working system turned obtainable.

Growth of TSS took longer than anticipated, its supply date was delayed, and it was not but obtainable when the S/360-67 (serial quantity 2) arrived on the Computing Heart in January 1967.^[12] At the moment UM needed to resolve whether or not to return the Mannequin 67 and choose one other mainframe or to develop MTS as an interim system to be used till TSS was prepared. The choice was to proceed growth of MTS and the employees moved their preliminary growth work from the Mannequin 50 to the Mannequin 67. TSS growth was finally canceled by IBM, then reinstated, after which canceled once more. However by this time UM favored the system they’d developed, it was now not thought-about interim, and MTS can be used at UM and different websites for 33 years.

MTS Consortium[edit]

MTS was developed, maintained, and utilized by a consortium of eight universities within the US, Canada, and the UK:^[2]^[13]

University of Michigan (UM), 1967 to 1997,^[14] US
University of British Columbia (UBC), 1968 to 1998, Canada
NUMAC (University of Newcastle upon Tyne, University of Durham, and Newcastle Polytechnic),^[15] 1969 to 1992, United Kingdom
University of Alberta (UQV), 1971 to 1994,^[16] Canada
Wayne State University (WSU), 1971 to 1998, US
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), 1976 to 1999, US
Simon Fraser University (SFU), 1977 to 1992,^[17] Canada
University of Durham (NUMAC),^[15] 1982 to 1992,^[18] United Kingdom

A number of websites ran a couple of MTS system: NUMAC ran two (first at Newcastle and later at Durham), Michigan ran three within the mid-Nineteen Eighties (UM for Maize, UB for Blue, and HG at Human Genetics), UBC ran three or 4 at completely different occasions (MTS-G, MTS-L, MTS-A, and MTS-I for normal, library, administration, and instruction).

Every of the MTS websites made contributions to the event of MTS, generally by taking the lead within the design and implementation of a brand new function and at different occasions by refining, enhancing, and critiquing work finished elsewhere. Many MTS elements are the work of a number of folks at a number of websites.^[19]

Within the early days collaboration between the MTS websites was achieved by means of a mix of face-to-face website visits, telephone calls, the change of paperwork and magnetic tapes by snail mail, and casual get-togethers at SHARE or different conferences. Later, e-mail, laptop conferencing utilizing CONFER and *Discussion board, community file switch, and e-mail attachments supplemented and finally largely changed the sooner strategies.

The members of the MTS Consortium produced a collection of 82 MTS Newsletters between 1971 and 1982 to assist coordinate MTS growth.^[20]

Mugs from MTS Workshop VIII, Ann Arbor, July 1982

Beginning at UBC in 1974^[21] the MTS Consortium held annual MTS Workshops at one of many member websites. The workshops have been casual, however included papers submitted prematurely and Proceedings printed after-the-fact that included session summaries.^[22] Within the mid-Nineteen Eighties a number of Western Workshops have been held with participation by a subset of the MTS websites (UBC, SFU, UQV, UM, and probably RPI).

The annual workshops continued even after MTS growth work started to taper off. Referred to as merely the “group workshop”, they continued till the mid-Nineties to share experience and customary experiences in offering computing providers, although MTS was now not the first supply for computing on their campuses and a few had stopped working MTS solely.

MTS websites[edit]

Along with the eight MTS Consortium websites that have been concerned in its growth, MTS was run at quite a lot of different websites, together with:^[13]

A replica of MTS was additionally despatched to the University of Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, although whether or not or not it was ever put in isn’t identified.

INRIA, the French nationwide institute for analysis in laptop science and management in Grenoble, France ran MTS on a trial foundation, as did the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada, Southern Illinois University, the Naval Postgraduate School, Amdahl Corporation, ST Techniques for McGill University Hospitals, Stanford University, and University of Illinois in america, and some different websites.

{Hardware}[edit]

Computing Heart employees member Mike Alexander sitting on the console of the IBM System 360 Mannequin 67 Duplex on the College of Michigan, 1969

Amdahl 470V/6 P2 on the College of Michigan, 1975

In concept MTS will run on the IBM S/360-67, any of the IBM S/370 collection which embody digital reminiscence, and their successors. MTS has been run
on the next computer systems in manufacturing, benchmarking, or trial configurations:^[2]

IBM: S/360-67, S/370-148, S/370-168, 3033U, 4341, 4361, 4381, 3081D, 3081GX, 3083B, 3090–200, 3090–400, 3090–600, and ES/9000-720
Amdahl: 470V/6, 470V/7, 470V/8, 5860, 5870, 5990
Hitachi: NAS 9060
Varied S/370 emulators

The College of Michigan put in and ran MTS on the primary IBM S/360-67 exterior of IBM (serial quantity 2) in 1967, the second Amdahl 470V/6 (serial quantity 2) in 1975,^[26]^[27] the primary Amdahl 5860 (serial number one) in 1982, and the primary manufacturing unit shipped IBM 3090–400 in 1986.^[28] NUMAC ran MTS on the primary S/360-67 within the UK and really doubtless the primary in Europe.^[29] The College of British Columbia (UBC) took the lead in changing MTS to run on the IBM S/370 series (an IBM S/370-168) in 1974. The College of Alberta put in the primary Amdahl 470V/6 in Canada (serial quantity P5) in 1975.^[16] By 1978 NUMAC (at College of Newcastle upon Tyne and College of Durham) had moved principal MTS exercise on to its IBM S/370 series (an IBM S/370-168).

MTS was designed to assist as much as 4 processors on the IBM S/360-67, though IBM solely produced one (simplex and half-duplex) and two (duplex) processor configurations of the Mannequin 67. In 1984 RPI up to date MTS to assist as much as 32 processors within the IBM S/370-XA (Prolonged Addressing) {hardware} collection, though 6 processors is probably going the most important configuration truly used.^[30] MTS helps the IBM Vector Facility,^[31] obtainable as an possibility on the IBM 3090 and ES/9000 techniques.

In early 1967 working on the only processor IBM S/360-67 at UM with out virtual memory assist, MTS was usually supporting 5 simultaneous terminal periods and one batch job.^[2] In November 1967 after digital reminiscence assist was added, MTS working on the identical IBM S/360-67 was concurrently supporting 50 terminal periods and as much as 5 batch jobs.^[2] In August 1968 a twin processor IBM S/360-67 changed the only processor system, supporting roughly 70 terminal and as much as 8 batch jobs.^[32] By late 1991 MTS at UM was working on an IBM ES/9000-720 supporting over 600 simultaneous terminal periods and from 3 to eight batch jobs.^[2]

MTS may be IPL-ed beneath VM/370, and a few MTS websites did so, however most ran MTS on native {hardware} with out utilizing a virtual machine.

Options[edit]

A few of the notable options of MTS embody:^[33]

Using Virtual memory and Dynamic Address Translation (DAT) on the IBM S/360-67 in 1967.^[34]
Using multiprocessing on an IBM S/360-67 with two CPUs in 1968.
Applications with entry to (for the time) very massive digital tackle areas.
A simple command language that’s the similar for each terminal and batch jobs.
A robust device independent input/output model that permits the identical instructions and packages to entry terminals, disk information, printers, magnetic and paper tapes, card readers and punches, floppy disks, community hosts, and an audio response unit (ARU).
A file system with assist for “line files” the place the road numbers and size of particular person traces are saved as metadata separate from the info contents of the road, and the flexibility to learn, insert, substitute, and delete particular person traces wherever within the file with out the necessity to learn or write your complete file.^[35]
A file editor ($EDIT) with each command line and “visible” interfaces and sample matching primarily based on SNOBOL4 patterns.^[36]
The power to share information in managed methods (learn, write-change, write-expand, destroy, allow).^[37]
The power to allow information, not simply to different consumer IDs and initiatives (aka teams), however to particular instructions or packages and combos of consumer IDs, initiatives, instructions and packages.^[37]
The power for a number of customers to handle simultaneous entry to information with the flexibility to implicitly and explicitly lock and unlock information and to detect deadlocks.^[35]

Community host to host entry from instructions and packages in addition to entry to or from distant community printers, card readers and punches.^[38]
An e-mail system ($MESSAGESYSTEM) that helps native and community mail with the flexibility to ship to teams, to recall messages that have not already been learn, so as to add recipients to messages after they’ve been despatched, and to show a historical past of messages in an e-mail chain with out the necessity to embody the textual content from older messages in every new message.^[39]
The power to entry tapes remotely, and to deal with knowledge units that reach throughout a number of tapes effectively.^[40]
The provision of a wealthy assortment of well-documented subroutine libraries.^[20]^[41]^[42]
The power for a number of customers to shortly load and use a set of widespread reentrant subroutines, which can be found in shared digital reminiscence.
The provision of compilers, assemblers, and a Symbolic Debugging System (SDS) that permit customers to debug packages written in high-level languages comparable to FORTRAN, Pascal, PL/I, … in addition to in meeting language.
A robust safety mannequin that makes use of the digital reminiscence {hardware} and the S/360 and S/370 {hardware}’s supervisor and drawback states and through software program divides drawback state execution into system (privileged or unprotected) and consumer (protected or unprivileged) modes. Comparatively little code runs in supervisor state. For instance, System Help Routines (DSRs, aka machine drivers) should not a part of the supervisor and run in system mode in drawback state moderately than in supervisor state.^[37]^[43]^[44]
A simulated Branch on Program Interrupt (BPI) instruction.^[45]

Applications developed for MTS[edit]

The next are among the notable packages developed for MTS:^[46]

Awit, a pc chess program written in Algol W by Tony Marsland.^[47]
Chaos, one of many main laptop chess packages from 1973 by means of 1985. Written in FORTRAN Chaos began at RCA Techniques Programming division in Cinnaminson, NJ with Fred Swartz and Victor Berman as first authors, Mike Alexander and others joined the crew later and moved growth to MTS on the UM Computing Heart.^[48]
CONFER II, one of many first laptop conferencing techniques. CONFER was developed by Robert Parnes beginning in 1975 whereas he was a graduate scholar and with assist from the University of Michigan‘s Center for Research on Learning and Teaching (CRLT) and College of Training.^[49]^[50]
FakeOS, a simulator that permits object modules containing OS/360 SVCs, management blocks, and references to OS/360 entry strategies to execute beneath MTS.
Discussion board, a pc conferencing system developed by employees of the Computing Centre on the University of British Columbia (UBC).
GOM (Good Previous Mad), a compiler for the 7090 MAD language transformed to run beneath MTS by Don Boettner of the UM’s Computing Heart.^[51]
IF (Interactive Fortran), developed by the University of British Columbia Computing Centre.^[52]

MICRO Information Management System, one of many earliest relational database administration techniques carried out in 1970 by the Institute for Labor and Industrial Relations (ILIR) on the College of Michigan.^[53]^[54]
MIDAS (Michigan Interactive Knowledge Evaluation System), an interactive statistical evaluation package deal developed by Dan Fox and others at UM’s Statistical Analysis Laboratory.^[55]
Plus, a programming language developed by Alan Ballard and Paul Whaley of the Computing Centre on the College of British Columbia (UBC).^[56]^[57]
TAXIR, an info storage and retrieval system designed for taxonomic knowledge on the College of Colorado by David Rogers, Henry Fleming, Robert Brill, and George Estabrook and ported to MTS and enhanced by Brill on the College of Michigan.^[58]
Textform, a text-processing program developed on the College of Alberta’s Computing Centre to assist machine impartial output to a variety of units from line printers, to the Xerox 9700 web page printers, to superior phototypesetting gear utilizing mounted width and proportional fonts.^[59]^[60]^[61]^[62]
VSS, a simulator developed on the University of British Columbia‘s Computing Centre that makes it attainable to run OS/MFT, OS/MVT, VS1, and MVS utility packages beneath MTS.

Applications that run beneath MTS[edit]

The next are among the notable packages ported to MTS from different techniques:^[46]

APL VS, IBM’s APL VS compiler program product.
ASMH, a model of IBM’s 370 assembler with enhancements from SLAC and MTS.
COBOL VS, IBM’s COBOL VS compiler program product.
CSMP, IBM’s Steady System Modeling Program.^[63]
Fortran, the G, H, and VS compilers from IBM.
GASP, a FORTRAN primarily based discrete simulation package deal.^[64]
Kermit, Columbia University‘s communications software program and protocol^[65]
MPS, IBM’s Mathematical Programming System/360.^[66]
NASTRAN, finite ingredient evaluation program initially developed by and for NASA.^[67]
OSIRIS (Organized Set of Built-in Routines for Investigations with Statistics), a set of statistical evaluation packages developed on the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research (ISR).^[68]
PascalSB, the Stony Brook Pascal compiler.
Pascal/SLAC, the Pascal compiler from the Stanford Linear Accelerator Heart.

Pascal VS, IBM’s Pascal VS compiler program product.
PL/I Optimizing Compiler from IBM.
REDUCE2, an algebraic language carried out in LISP.^[69]
SAS (Statistical Evaluation System).
SHAZAM, a package deal for estimating, testing, simulating and forecasting econometrics and statistical fashions
SIMSCRIPT II.5, a free-form, English-like, general-purpose discrete occasion simulation language.^[70]
SPIRES (Stanford Public Info Retrieval System), a database administration system.
SPSS (Statistical Package deal for the Social Sciences)
TELL-A-GRAPH, a proprietary conversational graphics program from ISSCO of San Diego, CA.^[71]
TEX, Don Knuth‘s TeX text-processing program.^[72]
TROLL, econometric modeling and statistical evaluation^[73]

Programming languages obtainable beneath MTS[edit]

MTS helps a wealthy set of programming languages, some developed for MTS and others ported from different techniques:^[46]

ALGOL W^[74]
ALGOL 68^[75]
APL (IBM’s VS APL)^[76]^[77]^[78]^[79]
Assembler (360/370: G, H, Help; DEC PDP-11)
BASIC (BASICUM),^[80] WBASIC^[46]^[81]
BCPL^[82] (Fundamental Mixed Programming Language)
C
COBOL (ANSI,^[83] VS,^[84] WATBOL)
EXPL^[85] (Prolonged XPL)
FORTRAN^[86] (G, H, VS, WATFOR, WATFIV)
GASP (A FORTRAN-based discrete simulation language)
GOM (Good Old Madvert, the 7090 Michigan Algorithm Decoder ported to the S/370 structure)^[51]
GPSS/H^[87] (Basic Goal Simulation System V)^[88]^[89]
ICON^[90]
IF (Interactive FORTRAN, an incremental compiler and surroundings for executing and debugging FORTRAN packages, developed on the University of British Columbia)^[52]
MAD/I (an expanded model of the Michigan Algorithm Decoder for the IBM S/360 structure that isn’t appropriate with the unique 7090 model of MAD, see additionally GOM above)

System structure[edit]

MTS Structure^[105]
	State	Mode^[37]	VM	Interrupts
Consumer packages	drawback	consumer	on	on
Command Language Subsystems (CLSs), System Help Routines (DSRs), System Subroutines		system	on
Job packages (MTS, PDP, DMGR, RM or HASP, …)		system	on or off
Supervisor (UMMPS)	supervisor	n/a	off	off
S/360-67 or S/370 {hardware}

UMMPS, the supervisor, has full management of the {hardware} and manages a set of job packages.^[32] One of many job packages is MTS, the job program with which most customers work together.^[2] MTS operates as a set of command language subsystems (CLSs). One of many CLSs permits for the execution of consumer packages. MTS offers a set of system subroutines which can be obtainable to CLSs, consumer packages, and MTS itself.^[41] Amongst different issues these system subroutines present customary entry to System Help Routines (DSRs), the elements that carry out machine dependent enter/output.

Manuals and documentation[edit]

The lists that observe are fairly College of Michigan centric. Most different MTS websites used a few of this materials, however additionally they produced their very own manuals, memos, reviews, and newsletters tailor-made to the wants of their website.

Finish-user documentation[edit]

The guide collection MTS: The Michigan Terminal System, was printed from 1967 by means of 1991, in volumes 1 by means of 23, which have been up to date and reissued irregularly.^[20] Preliminary releases of the volumes didn’t all the time happen in numeric order and volumes often modified names after they have been up to date or republished. Usually, the upper the quantity, the extra specialised the amount.

The earliest variations of MTS Quantity I and II had a special group and content material from the MTS volumes that adopted and included some inside in addition to finish consumer documentation. The second version from December 1967 coated:

MTS Quantity I: Introduction; Ideas and services; Calling conventions; Batch, Terminal, Tape, and Knowledge Concentrator consumer’s guides; Description of UMMPS and MTS; Information and units; Command language; Consumer Applications; Subroutine and macro library descriptions; Public or library file descriptions; and Inside specs: Dynamic loader (UMLOAD), File and System Administration (DSRI prefix and postfix), System Help Routines (DSRs), and File routines^[106]
MTS Quantity II: Language processor descriptions: F-level assembler; FORTRAN G; IOH/360; PIL; SNOBOL4; UMIST; WATFOR; and 8ASS (PDP-8 assembler)^[103]

The next MTS Volumes have been printed by the College of Michigan Computing Heart^[2] and can be found as PDFs:^[107]^[108]^[109]^[110]

MTS Quantity 1: The Michigan Terminal System, 1991
MTS Quantity 2: Public File Descriptions, 1990
MTS Quantity 3: Subroutine and Macro Descriptions, 1989
MTS Quantity 4: Terminals and Networks in MTS, 1988 (earlier Terminals and Tapes)
MTS Quantity 5: System Providers, 1985
MTS Quantity 6: FORTRAN in MTS, 1988
MTS Quantity 7: PL/I in MTS, 1985
MTS Quantity 8: LISP and SLIP in MTS, 1983
MTS Quantity 9: SNOBOL4 in MTS, 1983
MTS Quantity 10: BASIC in MTS, 1980
MTS Quantity 11: Plot Description System, 1985
MTS Quantity 12: PIL/2 in MTS, 1974

MTS Quantity 13: The Symbolic Debugging System, 1985 (earlier Knowledge Concentrator Consumer’s Information)
MTS Quantity 14: 360/370 Assemblers in MTS, 1986
MTS Quantity 15: FORMAT and TEXT360, 1988
MTS Quantity 16: ALGOL W in MTS, 1980
MTS Quantity 17: Built-in Graphics System, 1984
MTS Quantity 18: MTS File Editor, 1988
MTS Quantity 19: Tapes and Floppy Disks, 1993
MTS Quantity 20: PASCAL in MTS, 1989
MTS Quantity 21: MTS Command Extensions and Macros, 1991
MTS Quantity 22: Utilisp in MTS, 1988
MTS Quantity 23: Messaging and Conferencing in MTS, 1991

MTS Reference Abstract, a ~60 web page, 3″ x 7.5″, pocket information to MTS, Computing Heart, College of Michigan
The Taxir primer: MTS model, Brill, Robert C., Computing Heart, College of Michigan
Elementary Use of the Michigan Terminal System, Thomas J. Schriber, fifth Version (revised), Ulrich’s Books, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, 1983, 376 pp.
Digital computing, FORTRAN IV, WATFIV, and MTS (with *FTN and *WATFIV), Brice Carnahan and James O Wilkes, College of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 1968–1979, 1976 538 p.
Documentation for MIDAS, Michigan Interactive Knowledge Evaluation System, Statistical Analysis Laboratory, College of Michigan^[111]
OSIRIS III MTS Complement, Heart for Political Research, College of Michigan^[112]

Varied facets of MTS on the College of Michigan have been documented in a collection of Computing Heart Memos (CCMemos)^[108]^[113] which have been printed irregularly from 1967 by means of 1987, numbered 2 by means of 924, although not essentially in chronological order. Numbers 2 by means of 599 are normal memos about numerous software program and {hardware}; the 600 collection are the Guide’s Notes collection—brief memos for starting to intermediate customers; the 800 collection covers points referring to the Xerox 9700 printer, textual content processing, and typesetting; and the 900 collection covers microcomputers. There was no 700 collection. In 1989 this collection continued as Reference Memos with much less of a deal with MTS.^[114]^[115]

Cowl web page of the Might 1996 problem of College of Michigan IT Digest, Might 1996

A future of newsletters focused to end-users on the College of Michigan with the titles Computing Heart Information, Computing Heart E-newsletter, U-M Computing Information, and the Info Expertise Digest have been printed beginning in 1971.^[108]^[113]

There was additionally introductory materials offered within the Consumer Information, MTS Consumer Information, and Tutorial collection, together with:^[108]

Getting related—Introduction to Terminals and Microcomputers
Introduction to the Computing Heart
Introduction to Computing Heart providers
Introduction to Database Administration Techniques on MTS
Introduction to FORMAT
Introduction to Magnetic Tapes
Introduction to MTS
Introduction to the MTS File Editor
Introduction to Programming and Debugging in MTS
Introduction to Terminals
Introduction to Terminals and Microcomputers

Internals documentation[edit]

The next supplies weren’t extensively distributed, however have been included in MTS Distributions:^[20]^[107]^[109]

MTS Operators Handbook^[116]
MTS Message Handbook
MTS Quantity n: Techniques Version^[117]^[118]
MTS Quantity 99: Internals Documentation^[119]
Supervisor Name Descriptions^[120]
Disk Catastrophe Restoration Procedures^[121]
A collection of lectures describing the structure and inside group of the Michigan Terminal System given by Mike Alexander, Don Boettner, Jim Hamilton, and Doug Smith (4 audio tapes, lecture notes, and transcriptions)

Distribution[edit]

The College of Michigan launched MTS on magnetic tape on an irregular foundation.^[20] There have been full and partial distributions, the place full distributions (D1.0, D2.0, …) included the entire MTS elements and partial distributions (D1.1, D1.2, D2.1, D2.2, …) included simply the elements that had modified for the reason that final full or partial distribution. Distributions 1.0 by means of 3.1 supported the IBM S/360 Mannequin 67, distribution 3.2 supported each the IBM S/360-67 and the IBM S/370 structure, and distributions D4.0 by means of D6.0 supported simply the IBM S/370 structure and its extensions.

MTS distributions included the updates wanted to run licensed program merchandise and different proprietary software program beneath MTS, however not the bottom proprietary software program itself, which needed to be obtained individually from the house owners. Apart from IBM’s Assembler H, not one of the licensed packages have been required to run MTS.

The final MTS distribution was D6.0 launched in April 1988. It consisted of 10,003 information on six 6250 bpi magnetic tapes. After 1988, distribution of MTS elements was finished in an advert hoc trend utilizing community file switch.

To permit new websites to get began from scratch, two further magnetic tapes have been made obtainable, an IPLable boot tape that contained a minimalist model of MTS plus the DASDI and DISKCOPY utilities that may very well be used to initialize and restore a one disk pack starter model of MTS from the second magnetic tape. Within the earliest days of MTS, the standalone TSS DASDI and DUMP/RESTORE utilities moderately than MTS itself have been used to create the one-disk starter system.

There have been additionally much less formal redistributions the place particular person websites would ship magnetic tapes containing new or up to date work to a coordinating website. That website would copy the fabric to a standard magnetic tape (RD1, RD2, …), and ship copies of the tape out to the entire websites. The contents of many of the redistribution tapes appear to have been misplaced.

In the present day, full supplies from the six full and the ten partial MTS distributions in addition to from two redistributions created between 1968 and 1988 can be found from the Bitsavers Software program archive^[122]^[123] and from the College of Michigan’s Deep Blue digital archive.^[124]^[125]

Working with the D6.0 distribution supplies, it’s attainable to create an IPLable model of MTS. A brand new D6.0A distribution of MTS makes this simpler.^[126] D6.0A is predicated on the D6.0 model of MTS from 1988 with numerous fixes and updates to make operation beneath Hercules in 2012 smoother. Sooner or later, an IPLable model of MTS will likely be made obtainable primarily based upon the model of MTS that was in use on the College of Michigan in 1996 shortly earlier than MTS was shut down.^[123]

Licensing[edit]

As of December 22, 2011, the MTS Distribution supplies are freely obtainable beneath the phrases of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License (CC BY 3.0).^[127]

In its earliest days MTS was made obtainable without spending a dime with out the necessity for a license to websites that have been all for working MTS and which appeared to have the educated employees required to assist it.

Within the mid-Nineteen Eighties licensing preparations have been formalized with the College of Michigan performing as agent for and granting licenses on behalf of the MTS Consortium.^[128] MTS licenses have been obtainable to educational organizations for an annual price of $5,000, to different non-profit organizations for $10,000, and to business organizations for $25,000. The license restricted MTS from getting used to supply business computing providers. The licensees obtained a replica of the total set of MTS distribution tapes, any incremental distributions ready through the 12 months, written set up directions, two copies of the present consumer documentation, and a really restricted quantity of help.

Only some organizations licensed MTS. A number of licensed MTS as a way to run a single program comparable to CONFER. The charges collected have been used to offset among the widespread bills of the MTS Consortium.

See additionally[edit]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c Akera, Atsushi (Jan–Mar 2008), “The Life and Work of Bernard A. Galler (1928–2006)” (PDF), Annals of the Historical past of Computing, 30 (1): 8, doi:10.1109/mahc.2008.15, S2CID 22790110, In late 1968, MTS was the one large-scale timesharing system to be in common, dependable operation within the US.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ The Michigan Terminal System (PDF), vol. 1, Ann Arbor, Michigan: College of Michigan, Info Expertise Division, Consulting and Help Providers, November 1991, pp. 9, 13–14.
^ “ITD Reaffirms MTS Commitment”. U-M Computing Information. 3 (19): 2. October 1988.
^ “MTS Service to End”, Info Expertise Digest, Vol. 5, No. 5 (Might 12, 1996), p.7
^ “MTS Timeline”, Info Expertise Digest, College of Michigan, pp.10-11, Quantity 5, No. 5 (Might 13, 1966)
^ “MTS Timeline”, an after the actual fact one entry addition for 1999 to Info Expertise Digest, College of Michigan, Quantity 5, No. 5 (Might 13, 1966)
^ Sim390, an ESA/390 emulator
^ FLEX-ES, a S/390 and z/Structure emulator
^ ^a ^b “A History of MTS—30 Years of Computing Service”, Susan Topol, Info Expertise Digest, Quantity 5, No. 5 (Might 13, 1996), College of Michigan
^ “Program and Addressing Structure in a Time-Sharing Environment”, B. W. Arden, B. A. Galler, T. C. O’Brien, F. H. Westervelt, Journal of the ACM, v.13 n.1, p.1-16, Jan. 1966
^ CONCOMP: Research in Conversational Use of Computers: Final Report, Westervelt, F. H., College of Michigan Computing Heart, 1970
^ The IBM 360/67 and CP/CMS, Tom Van Vleck
^ ^a ^b “How did sites learn about and make the decision to use MTS?”, an merchandise within the dialogue part of the Michigan Terminal System Archive
^ “Josh Simon’s Work Information: MTS Retired”. clock.org.
^ ^a ^b “How computers have changed since 1968”, ITS Information, Computing and Info Providers, Durham College, 29 January 2005. Northumbrian Universities A number of Entry Pc (N.U.M.A.C.), a collaboration between of the colleges of Durham (DUR), Newcastle upon Tyne (UNE) and Newcastle Polytechnic that shared a S/360-67 at Newcastle beginning in 1969
^ ^a ^b “Timeline: Computing Services at the University of Alberta”. ualberta.ca.
^ Van Epp, Peter; Baines, Invoice (October 19–23, 1992). “Dropping the Mainframe With out Crushing the Customers: Mainframe to Distributed UNIX in 9 Months”. Simon Fraser College: LISA VI Convention (Lengthy Seaside, California). CiteSeerX 10.1.1.56.2631.
^ In 1982 “How computers have changed since 1968”, ITS Information, Computing and Info Providers, Durham College, 29 January 2005. NUMAC put in a separate machine working MTS on the College of Durham, previous to that each DUR and UNE shared a single MTS system working on the College of Newcastle upon Tyne.
^ It’s tough to correctly give credit score for all of the work that was finished, nonetheless, to keep away from giving too little credit score and on the danger of not giving correct credit score to everybody that made contributions, an try is made to notice the websites the place a significant function or enhancement was initially developed
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Michigan Terminal System (MTS) subseries, Computing Heart publications, 1965-1999, Bentley Historic Library, College of Michigan
^ Proceedings – MTS Systems Workshop, 1974, College of British Columbia, Canada
^ MTS (Michigan Terminal System) 1970-1986 series, Computing Heart (College of Michigan) data, 1952-1996 and 1959-1987, Bentley Historic Library, College of Michigan
^ CBPF is the Brazilian Center for Physics Research Archived April 10, 2012, on the Wayback Machine
^ CNPq is the National Council of Scientific and Technological Development Archived 2013-07-16 on the Wayback Machine
^ EMBRAPA is the Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research
^ Amdahl 470/V6 mainframe computer – X436.84A – Computer History Museum. computerhistory.org. 1975.
^ “A performance Comparison of the Amdahl 470V/6 and the IBM 370/168”, Allan R. Emery and M. T. Alexander, a paper learn on the assembly of the Pc Measurement Group, October 1975, San Francisco
^ Earlier 3090-400s have been upgraded within the area from 3090-200s, “Installing the 3090”, UM Computing Information, vol 1, no. 8, 10 November 1986, p. 5
^ “E-mail from Ewan Page, First Director at NUMAC, to Denis Russell, 19 April 2011
^ MTS History at RPI, 1989, 5p.
^ “The IBM System/370 vector architecture”, W. Buchholz, IBM Techniques Journal, Quantity 25, No. 1 (1986), pp. 51-62
^ ^a ^b “Organization and features of the Michigan Terminal System”, M. T. Alexander, p. 586, Proceedings of the Might 1972 AFIPS Spring Joint Pc Convention
^ MTS Innovations in A History of MTS: 30 Years of Computing Service, Info Expertise Digest, Quantity 5, No. 5 (Might 13, 1966), College of Michigan
^ “Michigan Terminal System”. udel.edu.
^ ^a ^b “A file system for a general-purpose time-sharing environment”, G. C. Pirkola, Proceedings of the IEEE, June 1975, quantity 63 no. 6, pp. 918–924, ISSN 0018-9219
^ MTS Volume 18: MTS File Editor, College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 210 pp.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d “The Protection of Information in a General Purpose Time-Sharing Environment”, Gary C. Pirkola and John Sanguinetti, Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Developments and Purposes 1977: Pc Safety and Integrity, vol. 10 no. 4, pp. 106-114
^ “A Chronicle of Merit’s Early History”. Advantage Community. 2008. Archived from the original on 2009-02-07. Retrieved 2008-09-15.—A college press launch referred to as an indication of the community (with a connection between UM and Wayne State College) on December 14, 1971, as “a milestone in larger training” and an “historic occasion.”
^ MTS Volume 23: Messaging and Conferencing in MTS, College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan
^ MTS Volume 19: Magnetic Tapes (The description of floppy-disk support has been removed from this volume.), College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan
^ ^a ^b MTS Volume 3: System Subroutine Descriptions, College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan
^ “The Inside Design of the
IG Routines, an Interactive Graphics System for a Giant Timesharing Setting”, James Blinn and Andrew Goodrich, SIGGRAPH Proceedings, 1976, pp. 229-234
^ “The use of the monitor call instruction to implement domain switching in the IBM 370 architecture”, John Sanguinetti, College of Michigan Computing Heart, ACM SIGOPS Working Techniques Assessment, Quantity 15, Concern 4 (October 1981), pp.55-61
^ “A penetration analysis of the Michigan Terminal System”, B. Hebbard, P. Grosso, et al., ACM SIGOPS Working Techniques Assessment, Quantity 14, Concern 1 (January 1980), pp.7-20
^ MTS Volume 14: 360/370 Assemblers in MTS, College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d MTS Volume 2: Public File Descriptions, College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan
^ “chessprogramming – Awit”. Archived from wikispaces.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-06.
^ “chessprogramming – Chaos”. archived from wikispaces.com. Archived from the original on 2013-12-05.
^ “Computer-based educational communications at the University of Michigan”, Karl L. Zinn, Robert Parnes, and Helen Hench, Center for Research on Learning and Teaching (CRLT), University of Michigan, Proceedings of the ACM Annual Convention/Assembly, 1976, pages 150-154
^ The History of the Student Conferencing Project, College of Michigan, c. 1997
^ ^a ^b GOM: Good Old Mad, Donald Boettner, June 1989, College of Michigan Computing Heart, 110p.
^ ^a ^b “IF: An Interactive FORTRAN compiler” Archived 2014-12-16 on the Wayback Machine, Ron Corridor, SHARE 41 Proceedings, 15 August 1973, Miami Seaside, Florida, 8 pages.
^ MICRO Information Management System (Version 5.0) Reference Manual, M.A. Kahn, D.L. Rumelhart, and B.L. Bronson, October 1977, Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations (ILIR), College of Michigan and Wayne State College
^ MICRO: A Relational Database Management System, Harry F. Clark, David E. Hetrick, Robert C. Bressan, July 1992, Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations (ILIR), College of Michigan, 451 pages, ISBN 9780877363507
^ Documentation for MIDAS: Michigan Interactive Data Analysis System, by Daniel J. Fox and Kenneth E. Guire, 1974, Statistical Analysis Laboratory College of Michigan, Ann Arbor
^ ^a ^b “The Plus Systems Programming Language”, Alan Ballard and Paul Whaley, in Proceedings of Canadian Info Processing Society (CIPS) Congress 84, June 1984.
^ ^a ^b UBC PLUS: The Plus Programming Language, Allan Ballard and Paul Whaley, October 1987, College of British Columbia Computing Centre, 198pp.
^ The Taxir Primer, R. C. Brill, 1971, Colorado Univ., Boulder. Inst. of Arctic and Alpine Analysis
^ “A New Tool for Publishing Printed Material”, TEXTFORM Group, College of Alberta, Share 48 Proceedings, Vol II, pp. 1042-1056, 1977.
^ “Publishing, Word Processing and TEXTFORM”, Grant Crawford, College of Alberta, in Canadian Info Processing Society (CIPS) Session ’78 Proceedings, pp. 88-92, 1978.
^ Textform, Computing Providers, College of Alberta, 1984, 216 p.
^ Textform Reference Manual, Computing Heart, College of Michigan, January 1986.
^ Continuous-system simulation languages: A state-of-the-art survey (in French), Ragnar N. Nilsen and Walter J. Karplus, Pc Science Division, UCLA
^ Simulation with GASP II, A. A. B. Pritzker and Philip J. Kiviat, Prentice-Corridor, 1969
^ da Cruz, Frank (1984-01-06). “Announcing KERMIT for MTS”. Information-Kermit Digest (Mailing record). Kermit Mission, Columbia College. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
^ ^a ^b MPS/360 Model 2, Linear and Separable Programming Consumer’s Handbook (GH20-0476), 1971, IBM Company
^ MSC/NASTRAN at the University of Michigan, William J. Anderson and Robert E. Sandstorm, 1982, College of Michigan Faculty of Engineering
^ “Statistical Analysis and Data Management Highlights of OSIRIS IV”, Neal A. Van Eck, The American Statistician, Vol. 34, No. 2 (Might, 1980), pp. 119-121
^ “REDUCE 2: A system and language for algebraic manipulation”, Proceedings of the Second ACM Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation, 1971, pages 128-133
^ Building Simulation models with SIMSCRIPT II.5, Edward C. Russell, 1999, CACI, Los Angeles, CA
^ TELL-A-GRAF in MTS, Dave Whipple, Computing Heart Memo 450, College of Michigan, March 1983.
^ The Texbook by Don Knuth, 1984, Addison-Wesley Publishing Firm, 496 pages, ISBN 0201134489.
^ History of TROLL, Moveable TROLL On-line Assist, Intex Options, Inc. (Boston), 1996. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
^ MTS Volume 16: ALGOL W in MTS, College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan
^ Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 68 (PDF) Archived 2014-04-10 on the Wayback Machine, A. van Wijngaarden, et al.
^ Computing Center CCMemo 435: MTS VS APL User’s Guide, Edward J. Fronczak, Computing Heart, College of Michigan, August 1982.
^ A Programming Language, Ok. E. Iverson, 1962, John Wiley & Sons, 315 pages, ISBN 0-471430-14-5.
^ APL Language, IBM publication GC26-3874.
^ APL360 Primer, IBM publication GH20-0689.
^ MTS Volume 10: Basic in MTS, College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan
^ Waterloo BASIC – A Structured Programming Approach, Primer and Reference Manual, J. W. Grahm, et al., 1980, WATFAC Publications Ltd., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
^ The BCPL Reference Manual Archived 2014-10-21 on the Wayback Machine, Memorandum M-352, Mission MAC, Cambridge, July, 1967
^ IBM OS Full American National Standard COBOL System Library Manual, IBM publication GC28-6396.
^ CCMemo 439: IBM VS COBOL under MTS, Howard Younger, Computing Heart, College of Michigan, June 1982.
^ CCMemo 416: EXPL – Extended XPL, Pat Sherry, Computing Heart, College of Michigan, Might 1980.
^ MTS Volume 6: FORTRAN in MTS, College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan
^ GPSS/H Reference Manual, James O. Henriksen and Robert C. Crain, Wolverine Software program Corp., 1989.
^ IBM Basic Goal Simulation System V Consumer’s Handbook, IBM publication SH20-0851
^ Simulation Using GPSS, Thomas J. Schriber, 1974, John Wiley & Sons, 533 pages, ISBN 0471763101.
^ The ICON Programming Language, Ralph E. Griswold and Madge T. Griswold, 1983, Prentice-Corridor, N.Y., 336 pages, ISBN 0134497775.
^ MTS Volume 8: LISP and SLIP in MTS, College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan
^ LISP 1.5 Programmer’s Manual, J. McCarthy, et al., 1962, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
^ MTS Volume 20: PASCAL in MTS, College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan
^ CCMemo 436: Pascal VS in MTS, Douglas Orr, Computing Heart, College of Michigan, August 1982.
^ Pascal/VS Language Reference Manual, IBM publication SH20-6168.
^ MTS Volume 12: PIL/2 in MTS, College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan
^ MTS Volume 7: PL/I in MTS, College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan
^ Wirth, Niklaus (1968). “PL360, a Programming Language for the 360 Computers”. Journal of the ACM. 15: 37–74. doi:10.1145/321439.321442. S2CID 7376057.
^ ^a ^b “The System Language for Project SUE”, B. L. Clark and J. J. Horning of the Pc Techniques Analysis Group and Division of Pc Science, College of Toronto, Proceedings of the SIGPLAN symposium on Languages for system implementation, 1971, pp.79-88
^ “Compiling Simula: A historical study of technological genesis” Archived 2017-08-30 on the Wayback Machine, Jan Rune Holmevik, IEEE Annals within the Historical past of Computing, Quantity 16 No. 4, 1994, pp.25-37
^ ^a ^b MTS Volume 9: SNOBOL4 in MTS, College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan
^ The SNOBOL4 Programming Language, Griswold, Ralph E., J. F. Poage, and I. P. Polonsky, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1968, Prentice Corridor
^ ^a ^b MTS Volume II, second version, December 1, 1967, College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 415 p.
^ “TRAC, A Procedure-Describing Language for the Reactive Typewriter”, Calvin N. Mooers, Communications of the ACM, Vol.9 No.3 (March 1966), pp.215-219, ISSN 0001-0782
^ MTS Lecture 1, a transcription of the primary in a collection of lectures on the internals of the Michigan Terminal System given by Mike Alexander, Don Boettner, Jim Hamilton, and Doug Smith, c. 1972
^ MTS Volume I, second version, December 1, 1967, College of Michigan Computing Heart, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 415 p.
^ ^a ^b “Computing Center” collection inside “Archival Collections — Bentley Library” of the College of Michigan’s Deep Blue digital archive
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d UM Computing Center Public Category within the Hathi Belief Digital Library
^ ^a ^b MTS PDF Document Archive at BitSavers.org
^ Manuals and Documentation section of the MTS Archive Web page (archive-Michigan-Terminal-System.org)
^ MIDAS public category on the Hathi Belief Digital Library
^ OSIRIS public category on the Hathi Belief Digital Library
^ ^a ^b Unit Publications series, Computing Heart publications, 1965-1999, Bentley Historic Library, College of Michigan
^ Unit Publications series, Info Expertise Division (College of Michigan) publications, 1971-1999, Bentley Historic Library, College of Michigan
^ ITD Publications, College of Michigan, Ann Arbor, November 1995, 24 pages
^ MTS Operators Manual, February 1995, College of Michigan, 574p.
^ MTS Volume 1: Systems Edition, Obsolete and Internal MTS Commands, November 1991, College of Michigan, 60pp.
^ MTS Volume 3: Systems Edition, Subroutine Description, April 1981, College of Michigan, 50pp.
^ MTS Volume 99: Internal Documentation, 1972-1978, College of Michigan, 167pp.
^ UMMPS D6.0 Supervisor Call Descriptions, November 1987, College of Michigan, 156p.
^ MTS Disk Disaster Recovery, April 1987, 14pp.
^ MTS Distributions on Bitsavers.org
^ ^a ^b Overview of MTS Distribution materials obtainable at Bitsavers.org, accessed 21 January 2012
^ Michigan Terminal System (MTS) Distribution Files, Deep Blue digital archive, College of Michigan, accessed 21 January 2012
^ Overview of MTS Distribution Materials obtainable from the College of Michigan’s Deep Blue digital archive, accessed 21 January 2012
^ “MTS D6.0A – A pre-built MTS system for use with the Hercules S/370 emulator”, MTS Archive, accessed 21 January 2012
^ MTS Copyright, Warranty, and Limitation of Liability statement, Bitsavers.org, accessed 22 December 2011
^ “MTS Licensing Statement”, November 1986, Leonard J. Harding, MTS (Michigan Terminal System), 1968-1996, Field 22, Computing Heart data 1952-1996, Bentley Historic Library, College of Michigan

Exterior hyperlinks[edit]

Wikisource has unique textual content associated to this text:

Archives[edit]

Papers[edit]

A Comparative Study of the Michigan Terminal System (MTS) with Other Time Sharing Systems for the IBM 360/67 Computer, Elvert F. Hinson, Grasp’s thesis, Naval Postgraduate College, Monterey, CA., December 1971
“Measurement and Performance of a Multiprogramming System”, B. Arden and D. Boettner, Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Working Techniques Rules, pp. 130–46, October 1969
Merit Network History
MTS Bibliography, a listing of printed literature about MTS
“MTS – Michigan Terminal System”, Donald W. Boettner and Michael T. Alexander, ACM SIGOPS Working Techniques Assessment, Quantity 4, Concern 4 (December 1970)
“The Michigan Terminal System”, Donald W. Boettner and Michael T. Alexander, Proceedings of the IEEE, Quantity 63, Concern 6 (June 1975), pp. 912–918
“A Faster Cratchit – The History of Computing at Michigan”, Vol. XXVII, No. 1 (January 1976), U-M Analysis Information, 24 pages

Websites[edit]

MTS History, collected by former University of Michigan Computing Heart employees member Tom Valerio
Personal perspective on MTS by Dan Boulet a scholar and later Computing Providers employees member on the University of Alberta
Personal reflections on MTS by Mark Riordan of Michigan State University‘s Pc Laboratory
Several articles from the Might 13, 1996 problem of the College of Michigan Info Expertise Digest, Quantity 5, No. 5, giving the historical past of and reminiscences about MTS, Advantage, and UMnet on the eve of MTS’s retirement on the College of Michigan, preserved on Internet pages created by Josh Simon
Try-MTS.com, a website online displaying how you can run MTS beneath the Hercules emulator, tutorials on utilizing the system and on a number of of the programming languages obtainable on MTS
Public MTS Terminal, logon and go searching like a scholar would within the 90’s