Operation Snow White – Wikipedia

Legal conspiracy by the Church of Scientology

Operation Snow White was a criminal conspiracy by the Church of Scientology through the Seventies to purge unfavorable data about Scientology and its founder, L. Ron Hubbard. This undertaking included a collection of infiltrations into and thefts from 136 authorities businesses, overseas embassies and consulates, in addition to personal organizations vital of Scientology, carried out by Church members in additional than 30 international locations.^[1] It was one of many largest infiltrations of america authorities in historical past,^[2] with as much as 5,000 covert brokers.^[3] This operation additionally uncovered the Scientology plot “Operation Freakout“, as a result of Operation Snow White was the case that initiated the U.S. authorities’s investigation of the Church.^[3]

Below this program, Scientology operatives dedicated infiltration, wiretapping, and theft of paperwork in authorities places of work, most notably these of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. Eleven extremely positioned Church executives, together with Mary Sue Hubbard (third spouse of founder L. Ron Hubbard and second-in-command of the group), pleaded responsible and have been convicted in federal courtroom of obstructing justice, housebreaking of presidency places of work, and theft of paperwork and authorities property. The case was United States v. Mary Sue Hubbard et al., 493 F.Supp. 209 (D.D.C. 1979).^[4][5][6][7]

Background

As early as 1960, L. Ron Hubbard had proposed that Scientologists ought to infiltrate authorities departments by taking secretarial, bodyguard or different jobs.^[8] Within the early Seventies, the Church of Scientology was more and more scrutinized by US federal businesses, having already been raided by the Food and Drug Administration in 1963. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) claimed the Church owed hundreds of thousands of {dollars} in taxes and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) despatched brokers into the group.^[8] The Church’s response concerned a publicity marketing campaign, intensive litigation towards the IRS and a program of infiltration of company places of work.^[8]

The particular department of Scientology accountable for Operation Snow White was the Guardian’s Office. Created in 1966 by L. Ron Hubbard, the aim of the Guardian’s Workplace was to guard the pursuits of Scientology.^[9]
On the time of Operation Snow White, the Guardian’s Workplace had its worldwide headquarters (Guardian’s Workplace WW) positioned at Saint Hill Manor in England. Headquarters in america (Guardian’s Workplace US) have been in Los Angeles, California, although smaller places of work existed in Washington, D.C. (Guardian’s Workplace DC), and different cities all through america. Every Guardian Workplace consisted of 5 bureaus. One such bureau was the Info Bureau, which oversaw the infiltration of the federal government. L. Ron Hubbard oversaw the Guardian’s Workplace, although it was Mary Sue Hubbard, his spouse, who held the title Commodore Employees Guardian.^[10]

A number of years later, in 1973, the Guardian’s Workplace started an enormous infiltration of governments all over the world, although the first goal of the operation was america. Apprehensive about Scientology’s long-term status, the Guardian’s Workplace determined to infiltrate Interpol to acquire paperwork associated to Scientology, in addition to these connecting L. Ron Hubbard to prison exercise. Jane Kember handed this responsibility to Henning Heldt and his employees.^[11]

Round this time L. Ron Hubbard himself wrote Guardian Order 732,^[12] which known as for the elimination and correction of “misguided” Scientology information. It’s right here that Operation Snow White has its origins. Although the order known as for this to be achieved by authorized means, this could shortly change.^[13] Hubbard himself would later be named by federal prosecutors as an “unindicted co-conspirator” for his half within the operation. Although intensive data of his involvement exist, many Scientologists declare his directives have been misinterpreted by his followers.^[14][15]

Operation Snow White could be additional refined by Guardian Order 1361. Addressed from Jane Kember to Heldt, Duke Snider, and Richard Weigand, GO 1361 known as for, amongst different issues, an infiltration of the Los Angeles and London places of work of the IRS, and the Department of Justice.^[16]

Whereas the order was particular to the IRS, the Guardian’s Workplace was quickly recruiting their very own area brokers to infiltrate different governmental places of work, together with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the U.S. Coast Guard intelligence service,^[17] and the National Institute of Mental Health, amongst others, in addition to the American Medical Association.^[18] This system known as for rewards to be given for profitable missions carried out by Scientologists.^[19]

One of many sentencing memoranda within the case additionally famous that, opposite to what the defendants claimed, the applications deliberate by the Guardian’s Office weren’t restricted to making an attempt to take away “false stories” however included plans to plant false info—as an illustration, planting false data about “a cat with a pedigree title” into US safety company computer systems in order that later “the creature holds a press convention and photographic story outcomes.” The aim of Operation Cat was “to carry up the American safety to ridicule, as outlined within the GO by LRH.”^[20]

The beginning of 1974 noticed Michael Meisner appointed Assistant Guardian for Info within the District of Columbia (AG I DC). Meisner’s duties included the implementation of all Info Bureau orders, applications, and tasks throughout the DC space. Meisner’s supervisor at the moment was Duke Snider, the Assistant Guardian for DC, or AG DC. This was the best place in Washington’s GO workplace.^[21]

In July 1974, Meisner was ordered by Duke Snider to implement the beforehand written plan to acquire Interpol paperwork, which have been then positioned within the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Meisner had extra to do than simply this, although, as by August he was additionally taking instructions from Cindy Raymond, the GO’s Collections Officer for the US, who ordered Meisner to help her find a loyal Scientologist agent to achieve employment on the IRS headquarters in Washington, DC. This worker was to steal all paperwork coping with Scientology, particularly these involving present litigation by Scientology towards the federal government. Meisner mentioned this with Raymond for a interval of a month earlier than interviewing varied Scientologists with no luck. A month after the order had been given, Raymond knowledgeable Meisner that she had chosen Gerald Bennett Wolfe.^[22]

Implementation

The GO’s precise infiltration of the federal government probably started when Gerald Wolfe and Michael Meisner have been in a position to achieve employment on the IRS as clerk-typists. Below course of the Guardian Workplace, Wolfe monitored information on tax-exempt organizations and, when requested, illegally made copies for Scientology.^[17] Meisner supervised each Wolfe and the Info Bureau part in DC, and reported to the GO’s Deputy Guardian for Info within the US.^[23]

In November 1974, Operation Snow White took an sudden flip for the GO after they obtained phrase that the IRS could be conducting a gathering on Scientology’s tax-exempt standing. In response, the church despatched a spy to bug the room.^[24] On the morning of November 1, the day earlier than the assembly, a GO agent, Hermann, broke into the convention room and plugged the system into {an electrical} outlet. This system, in flip, then transmitted a sign on an FM frequency, which was picked up and recorded by Scientologists sitting in a automobile within the car parking zone of the Smithsonian, which confronted the workplace. After the assembly Hermann eliminated the system, and the taped recording of the assembly was despatched to Los Angeles.^[25]

By December, Wolfe, Herman, and Meisner had despatched a cargo of stolen paperwork 20 inches thick to Duke Snider. Snider, in flip, despatched notification to Mo Budlong in Los Angeles. By the top of December, Wolfe was stealing paperwork from the IRS’s Chief Counsel‘s workplace. Simply days after Christmas, Wolfe broke into the workplace of Barbara Chicken, an lawyer within the IRS’s Refund Litigation Service. Chicken had been current on the November 1st assembly. As a substitute of stealing information, Wolfe took them to a copier and made photocopies utilizing authorities paper.^[26]

Later, Wolfe met Meisner at a restaurant, the place he reported on his most up-to-date theft. Meisner took the paperwork and underlined picks that he believed his superiors would discover attention-grabbing or related and wrote a abstract of the details. This was then routed by the Assistant Guardian for DC and on to the Deputy Guardian for the US, the Deputy Guardian for Info within the US, the Department I Director of the Info Bureau, and the Collections Officer, all of which have been in Los Angeles. A duplicate was additionally despatched to Mary Sue Hubbard. This was usually customary process for Meisner.^[26]

In early 1975, Operation Snow White expanded once more as Sharon Thomas discovered employment within the U.S. Coast Guard Intelligence Company and Nancy Douglass started work on the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Douglass stole paperwork and made photocopies of others. These have been transmitted to Hermann.^[27]

By spring, consideration had been known as again to the IRS case as Mary Sue Hubbard had instructed Kember and Heldt to “use any methodology at our disposal to win the battle and achieve our non-profit (tax) standing”.^[28] Heldt wrote again telling that her request had been despatched to the Info Bureau, who had been ordered to finish the gathering of paperwork from the IRS and the Division of Justice’s tax information inside three months.^[29]

In April, Meisner procured a listing of the Division of Justice and positioned the places of work that might have information pertaining to Scientology litigation. When he discovered what he wished he despatched in Wolfe, who broke into the places of work of two attorneys on three successive Saturdays. Wolfe copied twelve information and met up with Meisner, as earlier than, at a restaurant. These information have been particularly helpful to Scientology, because it detailed the federal government’s technique in varied courtroom circumstances.

In Might, Willardson directed Meisner to implement “Challenge Horn”, which known as for Meisner to “present a canopy for PR and authorized for the best way they obtained IRS docs”. The thought could be for the GO’s Public Relations Bureau to view the paperwork with out worrying about being linked to the theft. Willardson’s concept known as for Meisner to steal paperwork coping with organizations apart from Scientology. Willardson additionally known as for the theft of IRS stationery, in an effort to forge letters from a (fictional) disgruntled IRS worker. The information on varied organizations (together with Scientology, after all) would then be despatched out connected to the faux letter. The thought was that it could seem that an upset IRS agent had himself despatched the information to quite a few organizations. There could be nothing to tie it to Scientology. Wolfe stole each the stationery and, with out permission, information on the Unification Church and Bob Jones University.^[30]

Through the summer season and fall months of 1975, the GO launched a further plan. In July, Meisner was informed by Cindy Raymond that the Church of Scientology had initiated a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) lawsuit towards the IRS. Meisner was directed so as to add the workplace of Charles Zuravin to his record of places of work to watch. Zuravin was representing the federal government within the case. Meisner instantly handed this responsibility on to Wolfe, who broke into Zuravin’s workplace a number of instances between July and November. Wolfe revealed to his superiors that Zuravin was getting ready an index of Scientology information related to the FOIA case. IRS places of work from everywhere in the nation have been sending information to Zuravin. This index file, required by the courts in all FOIA circumstances, is a complete record of the paperwork requested, and causes for his or her exemption from the general public, if any.^[31]

By October, Zuravin had completed the index, numbering every doc in an effort to simplify location, and had offered a replica to Scientology attorneys. These attorneys, in flip, gave the index to Raymond, who handed it alongside to Meisner, who handed it to Wolfe. Wolfe then entered Zuravin’s workplace after which started copying the paperwork listed on the index. Zuravin had primarily executed the GO’s job for them.^[31]

On December 5, 1975, Jane Kember issued Guardian Program Order 158, which supposed to present L. Ron Hubbard early warning of impending authorized motion. The plan known as for the infiltration of the federal government businesses that had both the ability to difficulty, or the information of, impending subpoenas.^[32] Particular businesses embrace the US Lawyer’s Workplace in D.C. and LA, the IRS Workplace of Worldwide Operations, the DEA, and the Coast Guard and Immigration and Naturalization. After reviewing the letter, Meisner concluded it could be a greater concept to infiltrate the Division of Justice than the US Attorney’s Office.^[33]

In January 1976, Hermann, the Southeast US Secretary for the Info Bureau, knowledgeable Meisner that Heldt and Weigand had accredited a plan to ship Alverzo to Washington. Alverzo arrived on the seventeenth, and on the 18th he picked the locks on the doorways belonging to the workplace of Lewis Hubbard (no relation to L. Ron Hubbard) and the file room housing Zuravin’s information. Wolfe stood guard on the finish of the hallway whereas Alverzo labored on Hubbard’s door. A number of doorways down Meisner labored on Zuravin’s door. After an hour and a half with no success, Meisner was getting upset. In frustration, Meisner hit the highest of Zuravin’s door, which popped proper open. The three Scientologists entered the workplace and took the remaining Scientology associated paperwork. They then traveled to a different flooring the place they made photocopies. Wolfe continued to make copies whereas Alverzo and Meisner tried once more to open Hubbard’s workplace. The trio then labored nicely into the night time photocopying information from Hubbard’s workplace. Once they left, someday round 2 AM, they left with a foot tall stack of paperwork.^[34] Lower than a month later Richard Weigand wrote to Jane Kember, telling her that the IRS paperwork that had been ordered to be produced in Guardian Order 1361, over two years earlier, had been obtained.^[35]

Gerald Wolfe, together with Meisner, have been later in a position to break right into a room and make false IRS identification playing cards, which allowed them entry to the federal courthouse in Washington. Wolfe and Meisner then used these playing cards to achieve entry to restricted areas and steal extra paperwork.^[17]

Whereas Wolfe and Meisner continued their work on the IRS, Mary Sue Hubbard, together with different Guardian Workplace members, have been arising with additional plans. Guardian Program Order 302, written by Cindy Raymond and accredited by Hubbard, amongst others, directed the infiltration of all authorities businesses that had withheld information from Scientology’s varied FOIA requests.^[36]

On the night time of April 14, Meisner and Wolfe have been on the tenth flooring of the IRS constructing housing the Office of International Operations. Making an attempt to enter an workplace, the pair discovered it locked. A passing cleansing girl famous Meisner and Wolfe’s suspicious conduct, and notified a safety guard. The guard confronted the pair and was offered with Wolfe’s real IRS card and Meisner’s fabricated one. Glad, the guard had the cleansing girl open the door. Inside, the pair grabbed a hefty load of information. Unable to discover a photocopier, the pair then took the information to the principle IRS constructing, the place the pair once more used their identification to achieve entry. After copying the information, they returned them to Crate’s workplace. The complete course of took some 4 hours.^[37]

In Might, Wolfe broke into america Courthouse and stole keys to the workplace of Assistant United States Lawyer Nathan Dodell. Wolfe then took these keys to have them duplicated, and returned them unnoticed. Virtually three weeks later, Wolfe and Meisner broke into Dodell’s workplace, stealing paperwork and, as normal, forwarding them to Guardian headquarters in Los Angeles.^[17] The GO’s curiosity in Nathan Dodell stemmed from a Scientology FOIA case. In April, Choose George L Hart requested Dodell whether or not the US had thought of taking a deposition of L. Ron Hubbard. Dodell responded that it was an “attention-grabbing thought”. Moreover, he promised to debate it with the Division of Justice.^[38]

In Might, Meisner and Wolfe entered the US Courthouse for the District of Columbia round 4 within the afternoon. They went to the third flooring, which was the house of each the US Lawyer’s Workplace and the Bar Association Library. They deliberate to find Nathan Dodell’s workplace, which was at the back of the Civil Division space, close to an elevator. They then looked for the constructing’s photocopiers. After mapping out these places, they left. Later, Wolfe and Meisner made a replica of Dodell’s keys.^[38]

On Might 21, Meisner and Wolfe entered the Courthouse, signing in to do analysis within the library and have been issued an elevator key. After using the elevator to the ground of the library, the pair entered the library and eliminated a number of books from cabinets and sat at a desk. After a couple of minutes, they exited by a backdoor and emerged in a hallway. On this hallway was Dodell’s workplace, which they entered utilizing their keys. The duo stole plenty of paperwork associated to Scientology and walked by the hallway to the 2 copy machines that they had beforehand positioned. The pair photocopied some six inches of paperwork earlier than returning the originals to Dodell’s workplace.^[38]

One week later, Wolfe and Meisner once more met exterior the IRS constructing. The duo then walked to the US Courthouse, and signed in below faux names. They repeated their actions from the earlier week, copying one other group of paperwork from the District of Columbia Police Division in addition to the Food and Drug Administration. Returning to Dodell’s workplace by the library, they have been stopped by the night time librarian, who requested if that they had signed in. Whereas that they had signed in on the entrance desk, that they had didn’t do the identical on the entrance desk of the library. Once they introduced that that they had not, Johnson, the night time librarian, informed the pair to not come again except that they had particular authorization from the day librarian. The pair promptly left. Three days later Johnson notified the US Lawyer’s Workplace that two people had been seen utilizing the photocopying machines of the Lawyer’s Workplace. Johnson and the night time guard have been informed to instantly contact the FBI if the people returned.^[38]

Lower than two weeks later, Hermann phoned Meisner, and ordered him to return to Dodell’s workplace and steal his private information. The purpose was to formulate a plan that might lead to Dodell being faraway from his place as an Assistant US Lawyer for the District of Columbia.^[38]

Meisner and Wolfe entered america Courthouse on June 11 round 7 within the night. They signed in as they did earlier than, and headed to the library. Johnson, the night time librarian, acknowledged the pair and instantly stopped them. Meisner was ready for this, and confirmed the person a letter from the pinnacle librarian. Wolfe and Meisner continued to the again of the library the place they exited into the hallway. Exterior Dodell’s workplace the 2 noticed that cleansing women have been nonetheless at work.^[38]

Whereas Meisner and Wolfe waited for the cleansing crew to vacate the workplace, Johnson known as the FBI, which despatched two brokers over instantly. The 2 brokers confronted the Scientologists and demanded to see their identification. Wolfe used his actual identification. Meisner offered his faux card, and informed the brokers that he had not too long ago resigned from the IRS. Meisner informed Hansen that the pair was within the library to do authorized analysis, and that that they had used the photocopiers to repeat books and circumstances. Neither talked about Scientology. After roughly twenty minutes of questioning, the FBI brokers allowed them to depart. Meisner then phoned Hermann to tell him of the information and was informed to instantly fly to Los Angeles.^[38]

Aftermath and trial

Meisner and Wolfe got cowl tales by the Guardian’s Workplace.^[10] On the final day of June, Gerald Wolfe was arrested. Wolfe was charged with “the use and possession of a solid official cross of america.”^[39] The day after Wolfe’s arrest, Mary Sue Hubbard wrote a letter to Weigand ordering him to maintain her abreast of the state of affairs. Hubbard additionally conversed with Mo Budlong and Richard Weigand about Wolfe’s arrest, cowl story, and subsequent plan to destroy proof linking Wolfe and Meisner to Scientology.^[10]

On the finish of July a decide determined that the case towards Wolfe warranted an investigation by a grand jury. Per week later the decide issued an arrest warrant for Meisner, who, on the time, was being hidden in LA. The FBI was in a position to join him to Scientology.^[40] By January 1977, it was changing into more and more probably that Scientology could be unable to flee Operation Snow White with out critical penalty. Although Meisner was nonetheless in hiding, he was rising more and more anxious in regards to the state of affairs.^[41] By April, Meisner wished to give up to the authorities. Meisner was shortly put below the management of a number of guards.^[10]

On Might 13, Gerald Wolfe entered a responsible plea.^[42] Later within the month, Meisner escaped his captors, solely to be satisfied to rejoin the GO the next day.^[42]

See Also

Apple Imaginative and prescient Professional – What About Comedian Books?

In June, Wolfe, after being sentenced to probation and group service, testified earlier than the Grand Jury. As a substitute of the reality, Wolfe informed the most recent incarnation of his cowl story.^[10] A number of days later Meisner would once more escape his captors, although this time he would contact the FBI. Meisner was ultimately taken to Washington, the place he agreed to plead responsible to a five-year conspiracy felony and cooperate with the Grand Jury.^[43]

On July 8, the FBI raided Church of Scientology places in Los Angeles, Hollywood and Washington, D.C.^[17] The Los Angeles raid concerned 156 FBI brokers, essentially the most that had ever been utilized in a single raid. It lasted 21 hours and crammed a 16-ton truck with paperwork and different objects.^[8]

The raids turned up documentation of not solely the group’s unlawful actions towards america authorities,^[44] but in addition unlawful actions carried out towards different perceived enemies of Scientology. These included “Operation Freakout“, a conspiracy to border creator Paulette Cooper on false bomb-threat fees, and conspiracies to border Gabe Cazares, mayor of Clearwater, Florida, on false hit-and-run fees.^[45][46] The papers additionally revealed that Sir John Foster (creator of the official UK Government inquiry into Scientology) and Lord Balniel (who had requested the report) have been targets, together with the National Association for Mental Health (NAMH) and World Federation for Mental Health.^[47]

Evaluating the FBI to the Gestapo, the Church declared that every one the information seized from the Church have been taken illegally,^[48] although the FBI produced a 40-plus web page affidavit detailing 160 particular objects they have been in search of.^[49]

By July 20, 13 days after the raid, a Washington decide dominated that the paperwork needs to be returned, not less than quickly, to the Church, and that not one of the paperwork may very well be shared with branches of the federal government, except that particular department was investigating Scientology. Scientology’s attorneys had efficiently argued that in an effort to put together for an August 8 listening to on the legality of the raid, they have to have the ability to see the paperwork.^[50] By July 27, a decide in Washington had dominated the warrant authorizing the raid was too broad and, as such, violated the Church’s 4th Modification rights.^[51] In August, this ruling could be overturned, with Scientology promising to take the case to the Supreme Court,^[52] which might, early within the subsequent yr, refuse to listen to the case.^[53]

In August 1978, 11 high-ranking members of Scientology have been indicted on 28 fees. One of many indicted was Mary Sue Hubbard, spouse of Scientology’s creator L. Ron Hubbard. The opposite ten have been Gerald Wolfe, Cindy Raymond, Henning Heldt, Duke Snider, Gregory Willardson, Richard Weigand, Mitchell Herman, Sharon Thomas, Jane Kember, and Mo Budlong. Kendrick Moxon and L. Ron Hubbard have been named unindicted co-conspirators.^[54]

Over the course of the investigation, the Church of Scientology tried to have a decide eliminated,^[54] and subpoenaed nearly 150 federal brokers in what seemed to be a big stalling scheme.^[55] The Church additionally supplied a number of shifting explanations for his or her actions.^[56][57] In the end, these ways failed and the defendants agreed to a plea deal.

Seven of the 11 members of the Guardian’s Workplace pleaded responsible to only a single rely of conspiracy to hinder justice. Yet one more pleaded responsible to an analogous cost and a ninth pleaded responsible to a misdemeanor. The Scientologists have been allowed to argue for the suppression of the federal government’s proof. The remaining two Scientologists have been in England, pending extradition.^[58]

On December 6, 1979, some 5 years after Operation Snow White started, it formally got here to an finish. 5 of the Scientologists have been sentenced to 4 years in jail, with 4 of the convicted being taken instantly. Mary Sue Hubbard, spouse of L. Ron Hubbard, was sentenced to 5 years. Every of the six confronted a fantastic of $10,000.^[59] The subsequent day the 4 remaining Scientologists have been sentenced. Three of the 4 confronted a fantastic of $10,000 and 5 years in jail. The fourth was fined $1,000 and despatched to jail for six months. Upon launch Mary Sue Hubbard was given 5 years of probation and group service. All the Scientologists instantly appealed,^[60] however the verdicts have been confirmed.^[61]

In November 1980, the 2 remaining Scientologists, Jane Kember and Mo Budlong, have been lastly convicted on 9 counts of aiding and abetting housebreaking in reference to break-ins at authorities places of work,^[62] and have been sentenced to 6 years.^[63]

Kember and Budlong had claimed political asylum within the UK, arguing that they shouldn’t be extradited to the US as a result of the burglaries had political targets. Their software towards extradition was denied by the British High Court on the grounds that it didn’t fall throughout the political offence exception to the Extradition Act 1870; Mr. Justice Griffiths stated:^[64]

I’m unable to simply accept that organising burglaries both for the aim of figuring out individuals in Authorities places of work hostile to the Scientologists, or for the aim of gaining a bonus in litigation, and even for the broader goal of refuting false allegations thus enabling a greater picture of the Church of Scientology to be projected to the general public, comes wherever close to being an offence of a political character throughout the which means of the Extradition Act.

The Candidates didn’t order these burglaries to happen in an effort to problem the political management or Authorities of america; they did so to additional the pursuits of the Church of Scientology and its members, and specifically the curiosity of Ron L. Hubbard, the founding father of Scientology. For my part, it could be ridiculous to treat the Candidates as political refugees looking for asylum on this nation, and I reject the submission that these have been offences of a political character.

Concerned events

Mary Sue Hubbard, Cindy Raymond, Gerald Bennett Wolfe, Henning Heldt, Duke Snider, Gregory Willardson, Richard Weigand, Mitchell Herman, Sharon Thomas, Jane Kember, and Mo Budlong, all high-ranking Scientologists, have been convicted; jail sentences have been so long as six years, although no defendant served that quantity. L. Ron Hubbard was named by federal prosecutors as an “unindicted co-conspirator” and went into hiding for the remainder of his life.^[8][65]

Impact of the scandal

The Church has been reluctant to debate the operation’s particulars; typical statements by members and operatives are sometimes obscure feedback saying that the Guardian’s Office (GO) had been “infiltrated” and “arrange” to fail in its mission to guard the Church, that these concerned have been “purged” from the Church, with out detailing what truly occurred (though it has been steered a lot of these concerned and “purged” remained in necessary positions of energy throughout the church).^[66] Church spokespersons on the Web and elsewhere have been identified to assert that the operatives “had executed nothing extra critical than steal photocopier paper.”^[67]

Operation Snow White prolonged to Canada and resulted in authorized proceedings towards the Church.^[68]

By 1990, all eleven defendants in Operation Snow White have been free.^[15]

See additionally

References

Citations

• US v Mary Sue Hubbard, et al., 1977 Grand Jury Legal Indictment (D.D.C. August 15, 1978), Text.
• US v Mary Sue Hubbard, et al., Stipulation of Proof (D.D.C. October 1979), Text.

Additional studying

Exterior hyperlinks

Wikisource has authentic textual content associated to this text: