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Ralf Brown’s Interrupt Record – Wikipedia

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March 8, 2023
2023-03-06 03:34:37

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ralf Brown’s Interrupt Record (aka RBIL, x86 Interrupt Record, MS-DOS Interrupt Record or INTER) is a complete checklist of interrupts, calls, hooks, interfaces, data structures, CMOS settings, memory and port addresses, in addition to processor opcodes and special function registers for x86 machines (together with many clones) from the very begin of the PC period in 1981 as much as 2000,[1][2][nb 1] most of it nonetheless making use of to PCs right now.

Overview[edit]

The checklist covers operating systems, device drivers, and utility software; each documented and undocumented info together with bugs, incompatibilities, shortcomings, and workarounds, with model, locale, and date info, typically at a element degree far past that discovered within the modern literature.[3][4][5] A big a part of it covers system BIOSes and internals of working methods resembling DOS, OS/2, and Windows, in addition to their interactions.[3][6]

It has been a extensively used useful resource by IBM PC system builders,[7][4][5] analysts,[8] in addition to utility programmers within the pre-Windows period.[3][6] Components of the compiled info have been used for and within the creation of a number of books on methods programming,[3][6][9][10][11][12] a few of which have additionally been translated into Chinese language,[13][14][15][6] Japanese[3] and Russian.[16][17] As such the compilation has confirmed to be an essential useful resource in creating numerous closed and open supply working methods, together with Linux and FreeDOS.[18] As we speak it’s nonetheless used as a reference to BIOS calls and to develop applications for DOS in addition to different system-level software program.

The challenge is the results of the analysis and collaborative effort of greater than 650 listed contributors worldwide over a interval of 15 years, of which about 290 supplied vital info (and a few 55 of them much more than as soon as).[1] The unique checklist was created in January 1985 by Janet Jack and others,[19] and, named “Interrupt Record for MS-DOS”, it was subsequently maintained and mailed to requestors on Usenet by Ross M. Greenberg till 1986.[20][21][22] Since October 1987 it’s maintained by Ralf D. Brown,[23] a researcher at Carnegie Mellon University‘s Language Technologies Institute.[3][6][24] Data from a number of different interrupt listings was merged into the checklist with the intention to set up one complete reference compilation. Over time, Michael A. Shiels, Timothy Patrick Farley, Matthias R. Paul, Robin Douglas Howard Walker, Wolfgang Lierz and Tamura Jones grew to become main contributors to the challenge, offering info everywhere in the checklist.[1] The challenge was additionally expanded to incorporate different PC growth associated info and due to this fact absorbed quite a few independently maintained lists on PC I/O ports (by Wim Osterholt and Matthias R. Paul), BIOS CMOS reminiscence contents (by Atley Padgett Peterson), processor opcodes (by Alex V. Potemkin) and bugs (by Harald Feldmann).[1][nb 1] Brown and Paul additionally carried out a number of systematic surveys on particular hard- and software program particulars amongst quite a few devoted person teams with the intention to validate some data and to assist fill some gaps within the checklist.[25][26][27]

Initially, the checklist was distributed in an archive named INTERRUP in numerous compression codecs in addition to within the type of diffs. The distribution file identify was modified to incorporate a model within the type INTERnyy (with n = challenge quantity, and yy = 2-digit launch 12 months) in 1988. In mid 1989 the distribution settled to solely use ZIP compression.[28] When the archive reached the scale of a 360 KB floppy in June 1991, the distribution cut up into a number of recordsdata following an INTERrrp.ZIP naming scheme (with rr = revision beginning with 26 for model 91.3, and p = half indicator of the package deal beginning with letter A). Formally named “MS-DOS Interrupt Record” and “x86 Interrupt Record” (abbreviated as “INTER”) by its maintainer, the group coined the unofficial identify “Ralf Brown’s Interrupt Record” (abbreviated as “RBIL”) within the Nineteen Nineties.

See Also
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The publication is at the moment at revision 61 as of 17 July 2000 with virtually 8 MB of ASCII textual content together with near 9600 entries plus about 5400 tables,[1] absolutely cross linked, which might lead to greater than 3700 pages (at 60 strains per web page) of condensed info when printed. Of this, the interrupt checklist itself makes up some 5.5 MB for greater than 2500 pages printed.[nb 1]

Whereas the challenge shouldn’t be formally deserted and the web site continues to be maintained (as of 2022), new releases haven’t been forthcoming for a really very long time, even though info was nonetheless pending for launch even earlier than the INTER61 launch in 2000.[29] New releases have been deliberate for at a number of instances in 2001[30][31] and 2002,[32][33][34][35][26][27] however when they didn’t materialize, parts of the brand new info on DOS and PC internals supplied by Paul have been circulated in preliminary type within the growth group for peer-review and to help in working system growth.[31][36][37][33][38][39][40][41][26][42][43][44][45]

See additionally[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Contents of INTER launch 61 (as formatted ASCII textual content): 
    INTERRUP.LST  5.700.679 bytes,  151.173 strains
FARCALL.LST      81.446 bytes,    2.178 strains
MEMORY.LST      144.149 bytes,    3.606 strains
PORTS.LST       879.133 bytes,   23.893 strains
CMOS.LST         77.175 bytes,    2.015 strains
I2C.LST         141.061 bytes,    3.563 strains
OPCODES.LST     624.174 bytes,   33.936 strains
MSR.LST          81.345 bytes,    2.190 strains
SMM.LST           7.939 bytes,      291 strains
86BUGS.LST      119.004 bytes,    3.004 strains

              7.856.105 bytes,  225.849 strains

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e Brown, Ralf D. [at Wikidata], ed. (2002-12-29) [2000-07-17, 1985]. “The x86 Interrupt List” (61 ed.). Archived from the unique on 2017-08-22. Retrieved 2011-10-14. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
  2. ^ Stiller, Andreas; Paul, Matthias R. (1996-05-12). “Prozessorgeflüster”. c’t – magazin für computertechnik. Developments & Information / aktuell – Prozessoren (in German). Vol. 1996, no. 6. Verlag Heinz Heise GmbH & Co KG. p. 20. ISSN 0724-8679. Archived from the unique on 2017-08-28. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Schulman, Andrew; Brown, Ralf D. [at Wikidata]; Maxey, David; Michels, Raymond J.; Kyle, Jim (1994) [November 1993]. Undocumented DOS: A programmer’s guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures – expanded to include MS-DOS 6, Novell DOS and Windows 3.1 (2 ed.). Addison Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-63287-3. ark:/13960/t5z646257. Retrieved 2022-11-26. (xviii+856+vi pages, 3.5-inch floppy) Errata: [8][9] (NB. This features a repackaged model of INTER36. For the primary version see here. A Japanese translation exists beneath ISBN 4-89052-629-3.)
  4. ^ a b Vias, John P., SNOOPER documentation (SNOOPER.DOC), 1.07, An unlimited itemizing of DOS and BIOS interrupt calls, many undocumented and program-specific. Fairly merely, a few of Snooper’s studies would not be there with out it. Very helpful in that it studies bugs and incompatibilities books not often point out. And it is free!
  5. ^ a b Davis, Robert Curtis, TBONES07.DOC, Ralf Brown maintains an astounding file which is chock-full of detailed, absolutely-indispensable info for DOS programmers on {Hardware}, BIOS, DOS, and different interrupts. […] You shouldn’t be with out this file, which is widely-known as “Ralf Brown’s Interrupt Record”. Ask about it. You will see that it.”
  6. ^ a b c d e Schulman, Andrew; Michels, Raymond J.; Kyle, Jim; Paterson, Tim; Maxey, David; Brown, Ralf D. [at Wikidata] (1990). Undocumented DOS: A programmer’s guide to reserved MS-DOS functions and data structures (1 ed.). Addison Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-57064-9. ark:/13960/t14n8vs6f. Retrieved 2022-11-26. (xviii+694+viii pages, two 5.25-inch floppies) Errata: [10][11] (NB. Gained a Jolt Productivity Award. Comprises a hypertext model of INTER490 aka INTER22. A Chinese language translation exist beneath ISBN 7-302-01071-4. A second edition is on the market as nicely.)
  7. ^ “(unknown)”. Turbo Technix – the Borland Language Journal. Scotts Valley, California, USA: Borland Communications. 1 (5): 157. July–August 1988. ISSN 0893-827X. OCLC 15650918. A cornucopia of descriptions of interrupt and performance calls on the IBM PC. An incredible factor to have in your exhausting disk if you do not have a Ray Duncan or Peter Norton ebook useful. (NB. In regards to the 1988-01-30 model of the interrupt checklist.)
  8. ^ Szőr, Péter (February 2005). “15.2.2 Knowledge Base”. The Artwork of Pc Virus Analysis and Protection. ART COMP VIRUS RES DEFENSE _p1 (1 ed.). Symantec Press / Pearson Education. p. 690. ISBN 0-67233390-2. LCCN 2004114972. Archived from the unique on 2020-03-06. Retrieved 2020-03-06. Previously, the Ralf Brown interrupt checklist was the Bible of DOS virus evaluation.
  9. ^ Brown, Ralf D. [at Wikidata]; Kyle, Jim (January 1994). PC Interrupts: A Programmer’s Reference to BIOS, DOS, and Third-Celebration Calls (2 ed.). Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-201-62485-0. (1210 pages + floppy) Errata: [12] (NB. This corresponds to the non-networking parts of INTER36 with some additions from INTER37. See here for the primary version.)
  10. ^ Brown, Ralf D. [at Wikidata]; Kyle, Jim (1991). PC Interrupts: A Programmer’s Reference to BIOS, DOS, and Third-Celebration Calls (1 ed.). Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-201-57797-6. Errata: [13] (NB. A Russian translation of this version is on the market in two volumes: 1, 2. A second edition is on the market as nicely.)
  11. ^ Brown, Ralf D. [at Wikidata] (March 1994). Community Interrupts: A Programmer’s Reference to Community APIs (1st ed.). Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-201-62644-6. (730 pages) Errata: [14] (NB. This corresponds to the networking parts of INTER37 with some additions from INTER38.)
  12. ^ Brown, Ralf D. [at Wikidata]; Kyle, Jim (1994-11-01). Uninterrupted Interrupts: A programmer’s CD-ROM reference to community APIs and to BIOS, DOS, and third-party calls (CD-ROM). Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-201-40966-6. (NB. The CD-ROM accommodates the total textual content of each “PC Interrupts” (second version) and “Network Interrupts“, up to date to incorporate info added by way of INTER42.)
  13. ^ 布朗 (1992). PC中斷服務常式應用軟體介面呼叫大全 [PC interrupt services and application program interfaces: INT 00h–1Fh] (in Chinese language). Vol. 1 (1 ed.). ISBN 957-652-272-2. (516 pages) (NB. This translation of INTER26 is a part of a three-volume set: 2, 3.)
  14. ^ 布朗 (1992). PC中斷服務常式應用軟體介面呼叫大全 (作業系統篇) [PC interrupt services and application program interfaces (Operating system entries): INT 20h–30h] (in Chinese language). Vol. 2 (1 ed.). ISBN 957-652-271-4. (704 pages) (NB. This translation of INTER26 is a part of a three-volume set: 1, 3.)
  15. ^ 布朗 (1992). PC中斷服務常式應用軟體介面呼叫大全 (公用程式篇) [PC interrupt services and application program interfaces (Utilities): INT 31h–FFh] (in Chinese language). Vol. 3 (1 ed.). ISBN 957-652-261-7. (488 pages) (NB. This translation of INTER26 is a part of a three-volume set: 1, 2.)
  16. ^ Brown, Ralf D. [at Wikidata]; Kyle, Jim (1994). Справочник по прерываниям для IBM РС: В 2 т. Т.1. [Interrupt handbook for IBM PCs] (in Russian). Vol. 1 (1 ed.). ISBN 5-03-002989-3. (NB. This translation of the primary version of “PC Interrupts” is a part of a two-volume set.)
  17. ^ Brown, Ralf D. [at Wikidata]; Kyle, Jim (1994). Справочник по прерываниям для IBM РС: В 2 т. Т.2. [Interrupt handbook for IBM PCs] (in Russian). Vol. 2 (1 ed.). ISBN 5-03-002990-7. (NB. This translation of the primary version of “PC Interrupts” is a part of a two-volume set.)
  18. ^ Hall, Jim (2002-03-25). “The past, present, and future of the FreeDOS Project”. Archived from the original on 2017-08-22. Retrieved 2015-01-23.
  19. ^ Jack, Janet; Weaver Jr., John; Cooper, John; Gilbrech, Skip; Kyle, Jim; Jack, Bob (April 1985) [January 1985]. “Interrupt Structure”. Archived from the unique on 2017-08-24. Retrieved 2017-08-24.
  20. ^ Greenberg, Ross Matthew (1985-07-30). “List of DOS Interrupts (Interrupt List for MS-DOS (2.xx only – With some notes on DOS 3.xx))”. Newsgroup: net.micro.pc. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
  21. ^ Greenberg, Ross Matthew (1985-07-30). “New DOS Interrupt List Posted”. Newsgroup: net.micro.pc. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
  22. ^ Greenberg, Ross Matthew (1986-03-10). “Re: Help with SWITCHAR”. Newsgroup: net.micro.pc. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
  23. ^ Brown, Ralf D. [at Wikidata], ed. (November 1987) [October 1987]. “Interrupt List (INTERRUP.TXT)”. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-01. Retrieved 2017-09-01.
  24. ^ Brown, Ralf D. [at Wikidata] (2008-04-04). “Ralf Brown’s Home Page”. Archived from the unique on 2017-08-22. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
  25. ^ Brown, Ralf D. [at Wikidata] (1989-04-07). “Call for Information”. Newsgroup: comp.sys.ibm.pc. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
  26. ^ a b c Paul, Matthias R. (2002-06-30). “Identifying various IBM machines for RBIL”. Newsgroup: comp.sys.ibm.ps2.hardware. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
  27. ^ a b Paul, Matthias R. (2002-02-21). “GEOS/NDO info for RBIL62?”. Newsgroup: comp.os.geos.programmer. Archived from the unique on 2019-04-20. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  28. ^ Brown, Ralf D. [at Wikidata] (1989-04-30). “Interrupt list diffs INTERRUP.1ST v89.1 -> v89.2”. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-01. Retrieved 2017-09-01.
  29. ^ Paul, Matthias R. (2002-07-01). “Re: Tastatur-Problem” (in German). Newsgroup: de.comp.lang.assembler.x86. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
  30. ^ Paul, Matthias R. (2001-05-27). “Re: A real or a RAM disk?”. fd-dev. Topica. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-03. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  31. ^ a b Paul, Matthias R. (2001-10-25). “Re: Change to / in DOS”. Newsgroup: alt.msdos.programmer. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-03. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  32. ^ Paul, Matthias R. (2002-02-19). “[fd-dev] FYI: RBIL62 schedule / Contributing to Ralf Brown’s Interrupt List”. freedos-dev. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-03. Retrieved 2017-09-03. [15]
  33. ^ a b Paul, Matthias R. (2002-04-03). “[fd-dev] Ctrl+Alt+Del”. freedos-dev. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-09. Retrieved 2017-09-09.
  34. ^ Paul, Matthias R. (2002-05-15). “CP/M-86 info and ancient PC hardware stuff for RBIL62?”. Newsgroup: comp.os.cpm. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-03. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  35. ^ Paul, Matthias R. (2002-10-05). “Re: Remote filesystem implementation in DOS”. Newsgroup: comp.os.msdos.programmer. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-03. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  36. ^ Paul, Matthias R. (2001-08-18). “Re: [fd-dev] On GRAFTABL and DISPLAY.SYS (Was: Changing codepages in FreeDOS)”. freedos-dev. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
  37. ^ Paul, Matthias R. (2002-09-06). “Re: Reading Ctrl, Alt and Shifts…” Newsgroup: alt.lang.asm. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-03. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  38. ^ Paul, Matthias R. (2002-08-13). “Re: Suche freien Speicherbereich unterhalb von 1 MB, der nicht von OS überschrieben wird” (in German). Newsgroup: de.comp.lang.assembler.x86. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  39. ^ Paul, Matthias R. (2002-10-07). “Re: Run a COM file”. Newsgroup: alt.msdos.programmer. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-03. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  40. ^ Paul, Matthias R. (2002-10-07). “Re: masm .com (PSP) related trouble”. Newsgroup: alt.lang.asm. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-03. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  41. ^ Paul, Matthias R. (2002-10-09). “Re: COM style files larger than 64 Kb?”. Newsgroup: alt.msdos.programmer. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-03. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  42. ^ Paul, Matthias R. (2002-05-14). “Re: Probleme mit INT 9h” (in German). Newsgroup: de.comp.lang.assembler.x86. Archived from the original on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
  43. ^ Paul, Matthias R. (2002-11-21). “Re: [fd-dev] Codepage IDs”. freedos-dev. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
  44. ^ Paul, Matthias R. (2002-09-05). “Re: [fd-dev] NLS and lowercase”. freedos-dev. Archived from the unique on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
  45. ^ Paul, Matthias R. (2002-04-01). “Fix for CauseWay DOS extender under DR-DOS 7.0x EMM386.EXE”. Newsgroup: comp.os.msdos.programmer. Archived from the unique on 2018-09-19. Retrieved 2018-09-19. (NB. Particulars some non-public DPMI/VCPI capabilities of DR-DOS EMM386.)

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