When the Energy Macintosh ran NetWare (that includes Wormhole and Cyberpunk)

Ah, Novell NetWare, the community working system of the Nineteen Nineties. Nothing was fairly prefer it. Till Home windows NT muscled in on its motion close to the tip of the last decade, for those who have been sharing a number of recordsdata between a number of PCs, NetWare was in there someplace. My earliest reminiscence of NetWare was stealing liberating a duplicate of Borland Turbo Pascal from a campus NetWare 3.x server round 1993-4, which, as a result of God has a way of humour, was later the College I ended up working for.

Why, the very point out of NetWare nearly actually triggered these of you aware of it to get an on the spot psychological picture of MONITOR.NLM, like this as proven in Bochs:

However Novell needed NetWare servers to be extra than simply PCs (and the PC ecosystem to be extra than simply Microsoft), and in an try to realize footholds elsewhere the corporate collected some unusual bedfellows. HP, Solar and Information Normal have been on board, and IBM did so in grander kind, however certainly probably the most surprising firm Novell tried to court docket was … Apple.

Sure, that screenshot is an actual Energy Macintosh 6100 (really a Performa 6116CD) within the Floodgap lab operating precisely what you suppose it is operating. As a matter of reality, that Apple emblem superimposed on the ’90s Novell “tooth” I led off with was an actual useful resource picture that got here from it.

No, I do not imply Macintoshes accessing NetWare servers as purchasers: we imply Macs as NetWare servers themselves. As proof, we’ll take a whole tour of Energy Macintosh NetWare on the 6116CD and attempt to boot it on the Apple Community Server, its precise meant goal. NetWare on the Mac actually existed as a part of the identical bizarro universe that ported the Macintosh Finder to Novell DR-DOS — that means it is time for one more bizarre Apple story throughout Apple’s weirdest days.

This field proven right here was precise “68B” server {hardware} Novell offered within the mid-Nineteen Eighties. In early networks shopper nodes have been linked in a star association, transferring to extra advanced topologies as networks elevated in measurement, however major communication with the server each then and later was by way of the NetWare Core Protocol (NCP). These nodes that have been straight wired to an S-Web field communicated by way of RS-422, however bigger networks transported NCP over the IPX and SPX protocols derived from Xerox Community Methods’ IDP and SPP, that are roughly analogous to IP and TCP. (In 1991 Novell added TCP/IP assist straight.) NCP supported file and print providers, however not like many up to date server merchandise, NetWare shared on the file stage moderately than the disk stage. As an alternative of a shopper having to drag blocks from a distant quantity to discover a explicit file or folder, a shopper merely requested the server straight for the useful resource, and the server did the lookup regionally. Transactions have been thus quicker and accordingly extra granular. Functions like NetWare’s easy email correspondence facility have been layered on prime of the fundamental infrastructure.

To broaden the market additional Novell ported NetWare away from their customized 68000 {hardware} to 8086 PCs in 1984, turning into NetWare 86 (the 68000 model duly turned “NetWare 68”), after which Superior NetWare 68 and 86 in 1985 which might assist multiple server. The PC variations employed a customized NetWare File System (NWFS) format for NetWare partitions that allowed bigger capacities and quicker entry than DOS FAT. (In actual fact, NWFS was a considerably modified type of FAT.) They have been typically hardware-agnostic and any PC with adequate reminiscence would suffice if NetWare drivers existed for its storage and community playing cards. As NetWare was one of the best identified community working system on the time, most enterprise {hardware} firms supported it. A fault-tolerant model was additionally supplied for these functions requiring excessive reliability. After the 80286 turned accessible, in 1986 Novell launched Superior NetWare/286 (turning into NetWare 2.x), supporting as much as 16MB of RAM in ‘286 protected mode and disks as giant as 256MB (in comparison with the up to date DOS restrict of 32MB).

Novell additionally developed a VAX-specific NetWare 2 for VMS in 1988 which transparently interchanged recordsdata and allowed PCs to entry VMS printers. Not like the PC model, the place NetWare assumed management of the whole machine, VMS NetWare ran on prime of VMS. We’ll come again to this momentarily.

In the meantime, NetWare/386 (i.e., 3.x) in 1990 expanded PC NetWare additional: a part of its efficiency dominance got here from aggressive caching wherein the NWFS quantity(s)’ complete directories have been stored in RAM, however this additionally meant the 16MB RAM restrict in 2.x constrained how giant its volumes could possibly be. Making the most of 80386 32-bit protected mode for much more reminiscence, 3.x’s upgraded NWFS might additionally assist drives as giant as 1TB and recordsdata as much as 4GB in measurement, along with introducing a way more environment friendly routing protocol for giant networks. Moreover, it now not cold-booted straight into the working system, counting on MS-DOS to function a bootloader and repository for the kernel and important system recordsdata, after which the NetWare kernel would take over as normal.

NetWare 3.x additionally launched the idea of the NetWare Loadable Module, or NLM. In earlier variations of NetWare, the kernel was monolithic, and altering choices or drivers required relinking the kernel and restarting it (although this was additionally true of many different up to date working techniques). In 3.x, drivers, system extensions and even functions might now be loaded and unloaded dynamically whereas the server was operating, together with third-party instruments. Nevertheless, NLMs nonetheless ran throughout the kernel’s deal with area. Though 2.x and three.x supported protected mode, NetWare largely used protected mode merely as a way to entry extra reminiscence, and for max efficiency the whole thing of the working system and all NLMs loaded inside it ran cooperatively multitasked at ring 0 (supervisor).

This structure made NetWare a lot quicker than different server working techniques, however at a technical value. Whereas it was doable to load NLMs into separate safety domains from the kernel, this was occasionally performed in observe as a result of cross-domain calls would then incur RPC (i.e., distant process name) overhead, and doing so did not ameliorate all of the doable pitfalls regardless. As there was no assist for digital reminiscence, every part had to slot in bodily RAM and there was little to forestall a long-running NLM with leaks from exhausting accessible area. Likewise, a malfunctioning or badly-written NLM might merely hog the CPU and hamper efficiency — or worse, set off the dreaded ABEND (ABnormal END) system crash and/or lock up the machine, identical to any “common” kernel bug might.

Parallel to canonical NetWare was a Novell initiative referred to as Moveable NetWare in 1989 (we talked about this briefly earlier than after I went by means of the story of how the Apple Network Server ended up running AIX), a descendant of NetWare for VMS developed collectively on the identical codebase that might turn out to be 3.x. Not like common NetWare the place NetWare itself was the kernel — however like VMS NetWare — Moveable NetWare ran NetWare providers on prime of another host working system, and the host OS supplied the machine drivers, file system and cache. The supply code was high-level, architecture-independent and POSIX-compliant.

Novell introduced twenty-three distributors deliberate to assist Moveable NetWare, beginning with Prime Pc on their 80386-based EXL 816 server operating SVR3 and NCR on its 68K-based Tower/32 collection, and Novell additionally listed Information Normal, Nortel, Solar, TOPS, and Unisys as main companions together with Acer, Altos, Cubix, Datapoint, Harris, Hewlett-Packard, Intel, MIPS Pc Methods and Zenith. Novell themselves claimed they have been engaged on their very own in-house port of Moveable NetWare to IBM OS/400 and that VMS NetWare would formally turn out to be a Moveable NetWare flavour too (in any case, it already was, roughly). IBM and Novell inked a joint licensing deal in 1991, moreover bringing Moveable NetWare to IBM AIX (named NWserver) and OS/2.

In 1992, Apple introduced its personal cope with Novell. Not solely would Macintosh customers get full entry to NetWare providers, however the Macintosh Finder would turn out to be the entrance finish for NetWare and Novell’s DR-DOS — from Novell’s latest acquisition of Digital Analysis, a pleasant little bit of symmetry with NetWare’s CP/M origins (regardless of Apple suing Digital Analysis in 1985 for GEM ripping off the Mac). Apple additionally deliberate to port Apple Occasions, QuickDraw GX and different key libraries to DR-DOS, yielding a hybrid Mac-on-DOS system that each firms believed would allow them to collectively tackle Microsoft. (Novell CEO Ray Noorda even performed talks with Apple CEO John Sculley about merging the businesses, although nothing would come of it.) This was the Star Trek undertaking, going “the place no Mac had gone earlier than” (to Intel), and was even quietly supported by Intel themselves who supplied ‘486 techniques for the porting work. The prototype got here collectively in simply over three months, together with its personal purposeful port of QuickTime, however PC producers have been uninterested because of their restrictive royalty phrases with Microsoft and business figures overtly derided it (Invoice Gates himself referred to as it “lipstick on a rooster”). The undertaking was controversial internally as nicely, and after Sculley’s departure incoming CEO Michael Spindler killed it in 1993 as a possible risk to the upcoming PowerPC transition.

That did not imply, nonetheless, that Spindler needed nothing to do with Novell or NetWare. Apple’s server group nonetheless wanted a server-grade working system (which the traditional Mac OS couldn’t fulfill), and whereas PowerOpen — within the type of “new A/UX” — a minimum of on the time remained the eventual future strategy, neither it nor Pink, the meant successor to System 7, have been wherever close to prepared. With that context in thoughts, a confirmed common server working system Apple might merely slap on prime of MacOS was a completely believable fallback. In 1993 Apple began work by itself inside port of Moveable NetWare to run on prime of Mac OS, variously codenamed Wormhole and Deep House 9, which used a few of IBM’s work on AIX NWserver however was primarily based on System 7. Wormhole was meant for the PowerPC 601-based Inexperienced Big, i.e., what would turn out to be the Workgroup Server 9150, nevertheless it met a poor reception with testers who needed a Unix-based platform as an alternative. As such, upon its launch in April 1994 the Workgroup Server 9150 ended up simply operating MacOS just like the up to date Starbucks WGS 6150 and 8150 techniques (and each different Workgroup Server to that time, the AWS 95 however).

Within the meantime, preliminary business curiosity in Moveable NetWare was waning, the implementations that did exist have been slower and did not all the time take good benefit of their host environments, and the core PC model couldn’t run on the RISC servers that then dominated enterprise IT. Towards this backdrop NetWare 4.x additionally got here out in 1993, introducing central listing administration (NetWare Listing Providers) primarily based on X.500, but in addition casting off the Moveable idea. As an alternative, the NetWare kernel itself would turn out to be cross-platform to yield Processor Unbiased NetWare (PIN), beginning with a port to the DEC Alpha and an HP-sponsored one for PA-RISC. Like PC NetWare, after operating the bootloader PIN would take over fully, operating straight on the steel and serving every part natively from an NWFS quantity.

With the discharge of Starbucks and Inexperienced Big in April 1994, concurrently with Novell asserting assist for IPX underneath OpenTransport, Spindler (alongside the long-promised growth of Apple’s “Unix PowerPC server”) vowed a minimum of one Apple system would assist Processor Unbiased NetWare too. This undertaking was codenamed Cyberpunk.

Cyberpunk acquired so far as precise CDs being pressed for it, and that is one among them, as supplied by our nameless Apple developer (marked Apple Registered Confidential, so I’ve blacked out the hand-inked CD quantity although it nearly actually does not imply something anymore). Regardless of the label studying “.1”, the disc really accommodates a demo dated July 20, 1994, “r[evision ]5,” and the disc itself is dated August 1994 primarily based on the etching on the interior ring. It accommodates a bootable Mac OS 7.1.2 (the primary model of System 7 to assist Energy Macs), a disk utility for cloning and partitioning, a disk picture for set up, the bootloader (a MacOS utility), the NetWare kernel, documentation, and different sundry utilities and shopper instruments. We’ll look extra into the CD contents somewhat later.

On the time of its growth there was no self-hosted Energy Mac compiler, so the supply code was written on a Macintosh however really compiled utilizing IBM xlC on RS/6000 AIX. (Recall that 32-bit AIX and traditional PowerPC MacOS share the identical PowerOpen ABI due to their interrelated historical past, and early within the Energy Mac’s existence the Macintosh Programmer’s Workshop [MPW] additionally straight supported the AIX XCOFF binary format.) Though documentation on the disc references the 9150, the model of Mac OS 7.1.2 on the disc predates the 9150 and is not bootable on it, so a good bit of its growth really occurred on Piltdown Man (a/ok/a PDM, i.e., the 6100). Nevertheless, the documentation additionally makes reference to Chilly Fusion (the 8100), which was launched similtaneously the 6100 and 7100, treating the 8150 because the “normal” demonstration system. Because the Workgroup Servers 6150 and 8150 are in any other case hardware-identical with the hoi-polloi 6100 and 8100 and the 6100’s numerous Performa rebadges, it really works with them too.

That mentioned, these machines have been merely stopgaps for growth. The true goal was the Shiner prototype, that large enterprise server Scully after which Spindler had lengthy promised (viz., what would turn out to be the Apple Community Server), and the developer remembers Cyberpunk booting straight on early variations of the {hardware}. We’ll take a look at that close to the tip. For now, let’s first get it operating on our native Performa 6116CD, the final and questionably mightiest of the Performa 6100 clones.

Typically phrases the Performa 611xCD collection are simply fundamental 8MB Energy Macintosh 6100/60s with differing laborious disk sizes and pack-in software program bundles. The primary Mac I ever personally owned was nearly a Performa 6100 something-or-other however the vendor needed $200 for it (in 1999, about $350 in 2023) and I used to be a ravenous med pupil on the time, so I ended up with a cute little IIsi as an alternative which I acquired for the value of “take it.” Recapped, that IIsi continues to be in my assortment and nonetheless works. This one I acquired from a vendor a couple of decade-ish in the past within the L.A. Antelope Valley who had pimped it out with a Sonnet G3 CPU card, a quicker CD-ROM, a pleasant fats SCSI drive and 136MB of RAM. I nabbed it with the intention of it being the substitute AppleShare server when the NetBSD IIci bit the mud, however it didn’t bite the dust and continues truckin’ to this present day, whereas my very own hopped-up “SR-7100” turned my most popular 601 system as an alternative as a result of it has extra growth choices. I am unable to bear in mind why I did not take this to the Classic Pc Pageant consignment desk when it was simply sitting round, however boy am I glad I did not, as a result of getting this text off the bottom might need been tougher with out it.

For the needs of this demonstration, nonetheless, we’ll strip out all of the earlier proprietor’s rigorously added upgrades. I eliminated the laborious disk for safekeeping and hooked up a BlueSCSI v1 to the exterior SCSI port in order that I might backup the disk picture after we have been performed (this turned out to be advantageous in different respects too). Naturally the Sonnet G3 needed to come out of the PDS slot, and I additionally ended up having to interchange the 2 64MB RAM SIMMs with two 8MB ones for a purpose we’ll get to in a second. I dug out an AAUI transceiver for the MACE (AMD AM79C950) Ethernet port and an HDI-45 to Mac DA-15 dongle for the Ariel II video, however my INOGENI VGA seize field solely likes 60Hz video, so I needed to tack on a Mac multisync adapter set to pressure a 640×480 VGA suitable show as nicely. We fireplace it up and insert the demo CD, holding down Command-Possibility-Shift-Delete to pressure alternate boot.

Joyful Piltdown Man!

The “Welcome to Energy Macintosh” message is exclusive to System 7.1.2 on PowerPC; no different model prior or since displayed it.

On the desktop, efficiently having booted from the demo disc. The BlueSCSI quantity is known as Cyberpunk, however though BlueSCSI’s compatibility has enormously improved, the disk utility on this CD reported an error and refused to initialize it. I ended up connecting it to my Mystic Color Basic and operating the trusty patched model of HD SC Setup 7.3.5 to initialize the disk for it first. At this level in set up the Cyberpunk quantity is totally empty.

Within the root folder of the demo CD is an unique 7.1.2 System Folder which might boot the 6100, 7100 and 8100 (however not the 9150, tried and failed), numerous System installers (which we do not want for this), a fundamental Utilities folder with Disk First Support and Disk Copy (not a lot use right here), the precise NetWare Demo recordsdata and instruments, and a duplicate of ClarisWorks 2.1 used for opening the recordsdata within the “Learn me first” folder, which routinely opens to point out its contents.

There are 4 paperwork on the disk particular to Cyberpunk, three of that are right here: one which talks about how you can arrange the server, PC shopper and Mac shopper for Apple’s demo (“Don’t give this disk to non-Apple staff with out particular permission of [redacted] (408-XXX-XXXX)”), one that truly accommodates the script for that demo (referencing the 9150, which this disk most actually doesn’t boot on), and one which talks briefly concerning the technical underpinnings and the way the laborious disk partitions work. Right here we’ll merely open the technical-partitions doc which we’ll liberally discuss with on this article.

Beginning ClarisWorks, which was an Apple-site licensed copy.

I’ve redacted the writer’s title, however this individual is aware of who they’re. I transformed these paperwork from ClarisWorks to PDF by loading the fonts onto my MDD G4, opening the paperwork there in ClarisWorks, printing every web page as a TIFF utilizing Print2Pict, after which binding the TIFFs collectively right into a PDF with ImageMagick on my Linux workstation.

The meat is within the NetWare demo folder. Inside that folder the “computer recordsdata” and “MAC CLIENT” folders comprise their respective shopper software program installs (in addition to a Home windows model of ClarisWorks), however I ought to parenthetically word that common PC Netware 4.x appears to be like like an AppleShare server to Macs on the community and ordinarily no separate shopper software program is important. (This performance was offered individually prior to three.12 and from 5.x on; 3.12 got here with a miniature AppleShare server with 5 licenses however 4.x has no such limitation.) Nevertheless, Cyberpunk would not seem to implement this assist, and it isn’t clear if the ultimate model of Apple NetWare would have performed so anyway as a result of it might need cannibalized Apple’s personal file server gross sales.

As an alternative, what this software program really allows is letting Macs entry NetWare servers over NCP (by way of MacIPX), i.e., a real NetWare shopper implementation for MacOS, and that exact performance was what was proven to customers within the demo. It consists of its personal equipment of software program to put in and a demo doc, in PC ClarisWorks 1.0 format, for the demonstrators to “collabourate” on for the viewers’s profit.

The demo doc was the precise Apple-Novell joint press launch (titled “Greased Lightning”) dated April 25, 1994 from when the Workgroup Servers have been first launched. You will discover there is no such thing as a Apple emblem: a part of the demonstration was to plunk the rainbow Apple emblem into it and present that the edit was mirrored on the opposite machine. As a result of this was only for present, the textual content was not paginated out absolutely, which I’ve performed within the wider picture so you possibly can learn the whole contents and see I have not made all of this up. (I’ve acquired {a photograph} later, too.)

Whereas Spindler is quoted, you will additionally discover Ray Noorda is not. That is as a result of by then he wasn’t Novell CEO anymore. We’ll loop again round to this on the very finish after we end our story.

The model of the Mac shopper on this CD calls itself MacNCP and is tagged as a pre-alpha, and consists of its personal system folder as an insurance coverage coverage “in case something goes fallacious” (per the setup doc).

This pre-alpha is a bit completely different from the later production version; amongst different modifications, it would not seem to be the Bindery Chooser (a Desk Accent much like the common Chooser permitting you to browse NetWare’s community database) made it into the discharge. Whereas this shopper did subsequently turn out to be a formally launched product, its growth prices did not actually translate into NetWare gross sales (Cyberpunk’s subterranean existence however), and Novell jettisoned it after solely a pair variations to a third-party developer. Since we’re principally simply within the server software program, we’ll open up the third folder.

This folder accommodates all of the items wanted to put in the demonstration NetWare server bundle. Beginning on the prime and going clockwise, now we have a duplicate of a bootable 7.1.2 System Folder (once more, besides on the 9150) with the blessed set of INITs and CDEVs to get it rolling, an utility referred to as “PDMLoader” and a file named “NWStart” which from their icons are clearly associated, the PowerPC model of INSTALL.NLM (i.e., the NetWare Loadable Module used for set up and configuration) marked for “emergency use solely,” and two different recordsdata additionally clearly associated primarily based on their icons named “PartitionMgr” and “Demo7/20.nsa.”

Within the centre is an utility named Apple NetWare Setup marked with the identical icon as used for the common HDSC Setup laborious disk utility. We’ll begin there.

Each the icon and the principle display clearly present that Apple NetWare Setup is descended from HD SC Setup, and even claims the identical basic model quantity (7.3) — and likewise inherits its identical refusal to work with disks that aren’t Apple-ROMmed. The BlueSCSI v1 is simply alike sufficient to an Apple ROM Quantum Fireball that NetWare Setup will settle for it as a legitimate goal and partition it, nevertheless it is not going to initialize it, which is why we did that step individually. Though I additionally tried with an OEM Seagate Hawk and Quantum Atlas II, NetWare Setup would not even speak to them, identical to unmodified HD SC Setup will not. The appliance must be hackable to permit third-party disks however there is no such thing as a wfwr useful resource to vary, that means I would possible should dive into the CODE sources as an alternative, so we’ll proceed with the BlueSCSI since it really works.

The ClarisWorks setup doc says it requires a minimum of a 160MB laborious disk, so I created a 1.0GB disk picture on the BlueSCSI and chosen the most important “250Meg Mac + NetWare” pre-defined partition scheme (the setup doc says use the “80Meg Mac + NetWare” possibility however this one works too). There’s a bug right here that it calls that scheme a “40Meg Mac” within the blurb field however it would certainly create a 250MB partition for MacOS and use the remainder for NetWare, which is what we wish. I did not experiment with any customized partition sizes since I wasn’t certain how this alpha demo would react to them.

Ordinarily, the partition scheme for a single one-volume Energy Mac disk would encompass an Apple partition map (APM), numerous drivers and OS patches (as wanted and described within the machine’s first sector), the precise HFS quantity, after which any unallocated area (usually trivial). In Cyberpunk NetWare, nonetheless, the portion after the HFS quantity begins with an XCOFF binary referred to as NWstart, which we noticed within the server set up folder, and is in reality the NetWare kernel (extra later). This appears to have been meant for Open Firmware-based techniques (on this case Shiner) that might boot from it like a extra typical “partition zero” loader, however this partition is unused on the supported NuBus Energy Macs which haven’t got Open Firmware.

After NWstart comes the NetWare System Space, or NSA (to not be confused with these naughty little SIGINT spies), which solely NetWare Setup is aware of how you can create. The Mac sees this as one large partition within the APM, however NetWare divides it first into an INWDOS subpartition the place the system recordsdata stay (like C:NWSERVER on PC NetWare), after which all of the NetWare volumes comply with in NWFS format, beginning with SYS: (the first). These partitions will probably be created shortly; we’ll make the Apple native partitions first.

Partitioning on the BlueSCSI is very quick, a matter of seconds. As soon as performed, we are able to now stop the NetWare Setup utility …

… and, after dragging that System Folder copy to the brand new Mac partition, we begin up from the Cyberpunk quantity.

The second step is to do the set up. With a NetWare 4 CD you’d run the installer from the disc, however we do not have that. What we do have is a picture of the demo NSA, and now we’ll drag that onto the PartitionMgr software to repeat it to disk.

Startup field, giving its full title as (uninterestingly) “Partition Supervisor” and reminding us that it’s, in reality, Apple Confidential (to not be confused with the Owen Linzmeyer e book).

The partitioning doc explains that PartitionMgr will scan the accessible disks for one with an accessible NSA partition kind within the APM. There is just one such disk within the system, so in fact we choose that.

Given an NSA picture and a legitimate goal partition, two set up modes are doable: if the INWDOS section will get corrupted (an actual danger with alpha software program) or must be up to date, you possibly can simply try this with out whacking your NWFS volumes. Nevertheless, we haven’t any NetWare volumes to protect and have to create them to proceed, so we go the second path to (re)format the whole NSA.

PartitionMgr creates two subpartitions within the NSA, as proven within the higher pane of the window. The partition sorts are people who can be utilized in a PC grasp boot report. Sort 0xbb refers back to the INWDOS section and appears to be distinctive to PIN; kind 0x65 is the usual partition type for an NWFS/386 filesystem and represents SYS:.

After the NSA is formatted and divvied up, the recordsdata in INWDOS are listed …

… and PartitionMgr terminates cleanly.

If we begin PartitionMgr up with out a picture, it would allow you to entry what’s already current (as defined in its About field, which reminds us that it’s — you guessed it — Apple Confidential).

The decrease pane is a scrolling view of the recordsdata in INWDOS. As a result of not all of the NLMs had been ported to PowerPC but, and naturally virtually not one of the PC drivers can be related, this can be a a lot smaller set than you would possibly discover in an everyday manufacturing NetWare 4 set up. The NSA picture accommodates its personal SERVER.MLS license file (for 250 connections: even I haven’t got 250 NetWare-capable computer systems), however previous NetWare hounds will surprise why there isn’t any INSTALL.NLM aside from the individually accessible emergency one. We’ll get to that half afterward after we discuss FIXUP.NLM, which is current.

The NWStart menu is non-functional on this model, however the NSA menu does work, and lets you reformat the NSA, set up one other picture, or copy and retrieve recordsdata from INWDOS for spot modifications (or singly putting in further NLMs). There isn’t a analogous choice to deal with recordsdata on the NWFS quantity(s) as a result of you possibly can in fact straight entry such recordsdata when the server is up.

At this level we’re lastly able to boot Cyberpunk. For comfort and so I might run this later with out the CD, I copied the final two items to the Mac partition (PDMLoader and NWstart).

You may simply drag or double-click NWstart, however I am going to begin up PDMLoader individually first to point out you round somewhat. The title is clearly an acronym for Piltdown Man (the 6100’s code title), however the setup doc, which proffers the WGS 8150 as the usual demonstration system, additionally makes use of it (i.e., there isn’t any Chilly Fusion Loader, and positively no Carl Sagan Butt-Head Astronomer Legal professionals Are Wimps Loader since there wasn’t ever a WGS 7150). Because the techniques have very comparable {hardware} and chipsets, and an identical ROMs, what works for one works for the others (once more, besides the 9150, which is barely completely different).

PDMLoader will ask which disk has the NSA we wish.

After that, it would ask for the NetWare picture we need to run. That is the place NWstart is available in, which we beforehand talked about is in reality the kernel.

NWstart is an 3.4MB XCOFF binary that /usr/bin/file identifies as a executable (RISC System/6000 V3.1) or obj module. Strings throughout the file give it a 1993 copyright date (by each Apple and Novell), and it isn’t stripped, so it nonetheless has debugging symbols displaying it to be written a minimum of partially in C++. Though there is no such thing as a accompanying xSYM debugger file, which is able to shortly be related, it additionally carries a whole on-board debugger of its personal inside it (QDB/601 model 1.0d4.1 (10/15/93), to not be confused with the Python debugger or the QNX debugger). The perform symbols reference C++ sorts beginning with apparent NetWare-specific names like NSI*, similar to NSIConfiguration and NSIAlloc, and seem to comprise the fundamental low stage code for reminiscence administration, Ariel II show and display management (with items of a xterm termcap entry), CUDA and ADB keyboard assist (precise string: ouch! what you interrupting me for man?), queues and synchronization, and file, quantity and disk administration.

On this model of Cyberpunk, the one supported solution to carry up NWstart is thru the loader, analogous to issues just like the MkLinux boot extension since NuBus Energy Macs cannot boot both straight. Then again, NWstart has strings inside it referencing AAPL,PPC6100 AAPL,PPC7100 AAPL,PPC8100 and AAPL,PPC9150 and even AAPL,PDM. These are Open Firmware identifiers and by no means appeared as such in any manufacturing model of these machines or their ROMs (the 6100, 7100, 8100 and label variants use the identical ROM), and will clarify one of many filenames (FakeOpenBoot.cp) as glue code to current an artificial Open Firmware machine tree to the kernel for techniques that do not have one. Certainly, the kernel additionally appears to search for Open Firmware paths like /chosen, /mmio and /cpu (particularly the timebase-frequency and clock-frequency properties) regardless of the actual fact not one of the techniques right here implement these both. Notably, no different mannequin identifiers seem on this file — together with AAPL,ShinerESB for the ANS, which does have Open Firmware, and would not want such trickery.

The one credit string inside it says Written by: Drew Main, Dale Neibaur, Kyle Powell, Howard Davis — who developed NetWare at Novell, not Apple. Many features seem with “stubbed” messages and plenty of strings nonetheless reference NetWare 386, so the work on the kernel was clearly unfinished.

If we click on the Preferences button, we are able to choose “targets” for the NetWare console and for the 2, depend ’em, two supported debugging choices. We’ll run Cyberpunk on the 6100’s built-in Ariel video (NuBus video playing cards aren’t supported), however it’s also doable to redirect it to both the printer or modem port (19200bps 8-N-1, however be certain that LocalTalk is not on). QDB, the onboard debugger, can even run on the console concurrently or be redirected to both of the serial ports as nicely (identical velocity).

The opposite supported debugger is R2Db, standing for “RISC Two-machine Debugger.” Like common MacsBug of the time it was a systemwide low-level debugger, however might additionally do supply stage debugging with an xSYM, which I discussed we do not have. (As debug symbols are current in NWstart, it must be doable to generate it from the XCOFF binary in sure variations of MPW with one thing like makesym -o NWstart.xSYM NWstart however this train is left to the reader.) The title comes from the actual fact the interface would not run on the Energy Mac: it runs on an hooked up 68K Mac operating the R2Db shopper which got here with up to date builds of MPW, and was tethered to the Energy Mac utilizing an ordinary Mac printer cable (i.e., null modem) in any free serial port. On the Energy Mac aspect a element referred to as the PPC Debugger Nub communicates with the 68K Mac, accepting instructions and reporting exceptions, breakpoints and machine state. In keeping with our nameless developer, a lot of the debugging work was performed in R2Db.

QDB is extra handy, nonetheless, and for functions of demonstration it’s greater than adequate. We’ll tick the field to enter QDB on startup and click on Settle for.

Lastly, we choose NWstart and click on Choose to start out the kernel. As soon as the kernel efficiently comes up, there isn’t any returning to Mac OS with out restarting the Energy Mac.

At this level, I personally skilled two issues that may go fallacious with the boot course of.

The primary is reminiscence measurement. Bear in mind how I mentioned that I wanted to cut back the 136MB of RAM current to 24MB (i.e., 8MB soldered on the motherboard and two 8MB SIMMs)? The reason being that PDMLoader cannot deal with an deal with area that enormous and I meekly admit that the setup doc even says so, saying the standardized system is a “Energy Mac 8150 (8100/80) with 24 mb of reminiscence – precisely“. I figured this wasn’t present data because it additionally fortunately accepted my 1.0GB disk picture regardless of no model of Cyberpunk most likely ever having run on a disk that enormous. Properly, no. If you happen to ignore their warning, you will get this message, and PDMLoader will exit.

Assuming you’ve the proper reminiscence configuration, the Cyberpunk display seems (this can be a PICT useful resource that I extracted to point out you earlier). The nameless Apple developer commented that that they had T-shirts of each this and Deep House 9. On the behest of Apple’s attorneys (do not forget that Legal professionals Are Wimps) the event workforce was obliged to contact Paramount to see if licensing was required for the DS9 tees; Paramount requested what number of they deliberate to make, and laughed and mentioned wonderful after they estimated round twenty-five. Discover the model quantity on the decrease proper (1.0.0d21).

The primary boot stage places small colored dots on the higher left as a progress indicator. Because the kernel bringup proceeds, a blue sprint acts as a cursor, transferring to the proper leaving white dashes over the dots which have been accomplished. After a pair go by, we drop into the QDB debugger.

The breakpoint triggers in NSIConfiguration::InitializeQDB, a C++ methodology applied expressly for this goal. QDB is a fundamental debugging software that operates at a comparatively low stage, however its most important advantage is comfort, because it’s ever-present and may run on the console while not having a sidecar serial terminal. Now that we all know it is there and features, we proceed execution.

If you happen to proceed by means of the bringup sequence efficiently, you’re rewarded with the message “in Loader PreludeStart” (which appears to be like prefer it’s a part of the FakeOpenBoot) and jumps into the kernel by way of NSIStart.

The second method I discovered the boot can go fallacious is that if that message would not present up and the kernel hangs. If the blue boot cursor freezes earlier than the final purple and yellow dots, and the PreludeStart message would not seem, the almost definitely trigger is the bootloader would not like your laborious disk. The setup doc mentions one thing like this might occur with sure IBM-manufactured laborious drives, although it additionally claimed it could achieve this after a complete bunch of messages are printed that we do not see right here (presumably when the kernel has really began), and that the problem was fastened for this alpha.

In my case, nonetheless, it occurred with the BlueSCSI. My preliminary answer was to strive these different non-Apple-ROMmed actual SCSI drives, solely to search out out that NetWare Setup did not like them and would not partition them. The true repair, a minimum of for the BlueSCSI v1, is to update the firmware: I believe the change in v1.1-20220917 to enhance compatibility with SCSI part modifications was accountable, however it’s best to run a minimum of v1.1-20231116, which is what we’re utilizing right here. With that, bringup will full and the kernel will start execution.

We’ll get a number of enjoyable informational messages to take a position on, so pardon the surfeit of display grabs to comply with. I’ve tried to seize every of the messages it would show in a minimum of one seize.

The primary message offers the precise model of the kernel: “Novell NetWare Prototype v4.11 – Alpha 1.5” dated July 19, 1994, sizzling off the press on this July 20 disc. This model is notable as a result of 4.11 was the primary launch of NetWare to support symmetric multiprocessing. Whereas the PowerPC 601 is completely able to SMP, and numerous non-Apple techniques applied it, no 601-based Energy Mac ever shipped with a number of CPUs. Shiner, then again, was meant to have an SMP possibility and prototypes have been developed (trace to any ex-Apple worker that also has one: my working ANS 500 with AIX would find it irresistible and I am blissful to deal), so the kernel would have hopefully been prepared as quickly because the {hardware} was.

The font used is Monaco, in its unique bitmapped monospace kind, which provides Cyberpunk extra of a Mac really feel than Harpoon AIX on the ANS (makes use of the default AIX LFT console “Ergonomic Medium” font) or MkLinux (makes use of icky default PC VGA glyphs). It actually goes a bit simpler on my eyes than common PC NetWare, that is for certain.

Loading machine drivers for the 6100’s NCR 53C94 SCSI controller and two units, SCSI ID 1 (the BlueSCSI) and ID 3 (the CD, which was nonetheless mounted). The “restricted API name” warning happens quite a bit in Cyberpunk. It is an alpha, in any case.

Checking the SYS: quantity.

Mentioning the time and setting the server title (NW_DEMO) and inside IPX community quantity.

Loading the community drivers (I do not know what the message about REAKONSTART means). The driving force’s filename APMAAMBI.LAN clumsily expands to “Apple MACE-AMIC Constructed-In” Ethernet (MACE is the on-board AMD Ethernet AM79C950 PHY; AMIC is the 343S0801 Apple Reminiscence-mapped I/O Controller which handles many of the system’s DMA and I/O).

Now into loading the NetWare parts, beginning with the Authentication Device Field, NetWare 386 Coverage Supervisor and Unicode Library. This library is kind of probably the primary built-in assist for Unicode on any Apple-developed working system (Unicode was not formally supported till Mac OS 8.5 with the introduction of ATSUI).

Regardless of that, the system reviews “code web page 437” (i.e., DOS Latin). Subsequent up is the loader for NetWare Listing Providers, Time Synchronization and the Person Utility.

However that is an Working System From The Future. It doesn’t matter what you set your Mac’s clock to, when Cyberpunk boots it would all the time be Saturday, March 12, 2072 at 2:56:48pm Pacific Customary Time (for comparability, the traditional Mac OS’s time worth overflows at 6 February 2040 at 06:28:15 UTC), so that you needn’t fear concerning the PRAM battery being out. We’re duly warned that “[t]his is a PROTOTYPE model of a future NetWare product. It will not be DISCLOSED, REPRODUCED or DISTRIBUTED in any kind.”

And after the license data is displayed, the kernel is operating, and we’re on the command immediate. Welcome to NetWare … on the Mac.

Now, it would not be NetWare with out operating the monitor, which makes a superb segue into speaking about NLMs in Cyberpunk.

To this present day Novell’s Tech Heart nonetheless has documentation on NetWare Development on the PowerPC because of the Cygnus port they sponsored, however this particular doc is definitely about Cyberpunk and even mentions the Workgroup Servers explicitly. Novell blessed 3 ways to compile NLMs. If you did not have a Macintosh, you could possibly create them both with the IBM cset C++ compiler (xlc underneath the hood; up to date variations of straight-up xlc would additionally work, and have been upwardly suitable) on RS/6000 AIX, or Cygnus’ cross-compiled PowerPC gcc on Novell UnixWare, each of which is able to generate XCOFF objects. In any other case, you compiled on the Mac utilizing up to date variations of MPW, which included Apple’s PowerPC C compiler PPCC, and turned that object into an XCOFF with PPCLink.

Since you’re not writing for MacOS, an SDK with headers and objects particularly for NetWare for PowerPC was made accessible, although this SDK just isn’t on the Cyberpunk demo CD and seems to be misplaced. Regardless, when you had your XCOFF binary, you then fed it to the SDK-provided NLM linker (for MPW, this was facilitated with a script referred to as NLMLink) together with two separate object recordsdata (the usual Mac PPCRuntime.o plus a NetWare-specific Prelude.o) and a definition file you create. This file would comprise your XCOFF object’s imports from the NetWare C library and different operating NLMs, exports you need to make accessible to different NLMs, its copyright and model metadata, and how you can invoke it (which routines to name to start out and exit it, and whether or not it was “reentrant” or not, i.e., whether or not a number of processes might run from a single shared copy in RAM or required a duplicate per course of).

As soon as linked, theoretically the NLM it produced might run straight on Cyberpunk, however formally to check and debug it you’d “want the developer’s model of NetWare for PowerPC from Novell. You may set up it on any Energy Macintosh pc.” This model additionally seems to be misplaced.

With the load monitor command acquainted to each former NetWare administrator, we begin the “NetWare 386 [sic] Console Monitor.”

The Monitor comes up within the normal color scheme and even makes use of PC box-drawing and background characters. Just about all the everyday very important statistics you’d see on an everyday NetWare server is right here, as a result of hey, it is NetWare. Let’s discover among the guts.

First, what system modules are loaded? We scroll by means of the listing:

This listing consists of each the Apple-specific {hardware} drivers (Ariel video and the ADB keyboard are dealt with throughout the kernel itself) in addition to the NetWare-general modules, however appears a barely smaller set than my mannequin NetWare 4.1 set up in Bochs and certain not every part had been ported but.

There may be one laborious disk, the “QUANTUM” being emulated by the BlueSCSI v1.

Inside it NetWare solely reviews two partitions. That is as a result of that is all it might see, regardless of figuring out the whole digital disk is 1GB; primarily based on the partition blocks depend, the 2 partitions are possible the 250MB Mac partition (subsuming all Apple partitions) and this bigger one consuming nearly the entire relaxation.

However regardless of all that area probably accessible, the demo NSA offers us simply 52MB for SYS:.

The MACE-AMIC LAN driver is ready up for each IEEE 802.2 LLC and IEEE 802.3 Ethernet.

See Also

New e-book considers the impression of digital logging units on drivers

At the very least for 802.2, nonetheless, we will not see rather more than that.

There are simply two energetic connections, NW_DEMO.DEMO and NOT-LOGGED-IN.

The demo login seems to be energetic and operational, and we are able to get its standing.

However we will not for the opposite connection, the one which’s not logged in, as a result of it isn’t logged in.

Cyberpunk NetWare additionally helps a number of digital screens like common NetWare. With the monitor operating, there are three screens: one for the system console, one for NetWare Listing Providers, and one at the moment for the monitor.

Listing Providers appears to work, although I did not check it a lot. However for those who go away the monitor idle, one thing else works:

It is the NetWare Worm! It needs to be NetWare if it has that! There is just one CPU, and the one Cyberpunk system that might have had two is Shiner with the unreleased SMP card, so solely the pink worm will seem. (You may see it in its simulated multiprocessor glory apparently with this replica screensaver, or, for those who’re jwz, this one for XScreenSaver.)

The NetWare Worm is a crucial a part of the historic report of Cyberpunk, by the best way.

(Picture credit score, Joe Pugliese, Related Press.) This image is of Michael Spindler himself on the identical day as that April 25, 1994 press launch, talking at Cupertino in entrance of three techniques with a NetWare field conspicuously sitting on prime. The left machine can’t clearly be seen and the rightmost one under no circumstances, however the center one is almost definitely a WGS 8150, which we already know is the “normal” Cyberpunk system. On its display we see the plain pink worm transferring about as proof of what it was operating.

Properly, that is sufficient of that.

Varied bugs do crop up in odd locations, similar to recurrent BAD MESSAGE, er, messages within the console.

Additionally, although nearly each typical NetWare 4 command is listed within the assist abstract, a few of them appear … irrelevant.

For instance, you possibly can REMOVE DOS (such as you would do on PC NetWare to forestall somebody exiting to DOS), however this is without doubt one of the “stubbed” features, and simply pretends. As a result of you possibly can’t take away the Macintosh Toolbox — it is in ROM, foolish!

Bringing down the server with DOWN. Nevertheless, for those who Sort EXIT to return to DOS., it reboots the Mac; it doesn’t shut down.

So we achieve this from the Finder (although the 6100 has an exterior energy swap).

I did strive operating QDB over the printer port utilizing a null-modem cable whereas taking part in with Cyberpunk, however the entirety of QDB’s output from startup to shutdown appears to be like like this:

NSIConfiguration::InitializeQDB

PC=00152D2C

### A programmed consumer breakpoint occured

### Person String: Startup Break
R0  0014b448  R3 003ed9ec  R9  50f04000  R15 00000000  R21 00000000  R27 00000000
SP  0048dde0  R4 00000000  R10 00000020  R16 00000000  R22 00000000  R28 07070000
TOC 00479efc  R5 004706f0  R11 00479648  R17 00000000  R23 00000000  R29 01010000
              R6 0056d9a0  R12 00000000  R18 00000000  R24 00000000  R30 003ea768
CTR 0014b448  R7 0056d970  R13 00000000  R19 00000000  R25 00000000  R31 003f0be0
LR  0015d5a8  R8 50f04000  R14 87f00005  R20 00000000  R26 00000000
CR  24000000  --E- -G-- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----  XER 00000000  SRR1 00022000

00152D2C:0FE00000    twi        TO_LT|TO_GT|TO_EQ|TO_LOWER|TO_HIGHER,0,0x0                 #'****'
qdb>bugon
DebugStr's to QDB are enabled.
qdb>g
discovered disk: offset = 544864 size = 1552288
discovered disk: offset = 544864 size = 1552288
-- exhibit --
state = 3
|->vportbdata: treq 1 byteack 1 tip 1
|->course 0 [0 = cuda->system] shift register interrupt 0

PC=00152D2C

### A programmed consumer breakpoint happen???

which did not appear too useful. Even with debugging messages on, little or no debugging data really appears to be displayed on this alpha. To see extra, I assume I would have to arrange R2Db in some unspecified time in the future.

One factor you will discover we did not play with is INSTALL.NLM, the NetWare installer, and the one marked “emergency use solely.” We did not want it anyway since PartitionMgr did the setup for us, however it’s in reality current, hidden as FIXUP.NLM. The explanation why, in accordance with the setup documentation, is as a result of it had a number of deadly bugs and as you will see retains some jarring DOS-isms.

Beginning it up from the console, it is aware of it isn’t really referred to as “fixup.”

Once more, this can be a pretty direct port of the PC NetWare unique. I am not going to make any modifications right here (there’s nothing actually to vary to), however listed below are a pair factors of curiosity, beginning with the AUTOEXEC.NCF startup script:

The contents of the script unsurprisingly recapitulate the bootup sequence we noticed. Curiously, you will word that (nonexistent?) “drive B:” is added to the search path.

If you happen to attempt to set up different product choices, you will even be requested to insert one thing into that phantom B: (sic). Although drive letter on a PC normally signifies a second floppy, right here it seems to discuss with the CD. This textual content is just about verbatim from PC NetWare. We have now no different product choices to put in, so we’ll cancel right here.

Then again, if we attempt to set up a license file (pointless, now we have a 250 seat license proper right here), it asks for the license floppy to go in drive A:.

Exiting the installer. There may be an attention-grabbing message on the console that the installer did not get all of the stack area it needed, which can partially clarify why it was typically unstable.

So, the Shiner, the system Spindler meant all alongside to run NetWare. Sadly, the Cyberpunk CD is not going to boot straight on the Apple Community Server as a result of there is no such thing as a suitable loader. Certainly, for those who attempt to pressure a manufacturing ANS besides the disc as if it have been a Mac OS CD, you will get this infamous message (sorry for the display photographs — Open Firmware 1.1.22 doesn’t generate a video sign suitable with my seize field):

And there it would hold till you hit Management-Open Apple-Reset. This model of OF can also be too dumb besides XCOFFs straight from CD, although it might boot them from a floppy disk (that is how the Community Server Diagnostic Utility disk works) and it’ll boot them over Ethernet when you’ve got a BOOTP and TFTP server round. Naturally I simply occur to.

In idea, although this is not very dependable even for XCOFFs that work, one thing like boot enet:,diags.xcf ought to boot an XCOFF binary referred to as diags.xcf from the TFTP server supplied over BOOTP. Right here I’ve chosen to do that in guide steps so you possibly can see what ought to occur within the screenshot. The binary hundreds after which the XCOFF loader bundle in Open Firmware will course of its sections and begin execution. It is a legitimate Community Server-compatible XCOFF that truly labored (often), so I do know this course of does perform, a minimum of underneath preferrred circumstances.

Sadly, this methodology will not boot NWstart. Whereas the binary hundreds and is accepted as a legitimate XCOFF, it dies with CLAIM failed whereas making an attempt to course of it. Although repeating this course of typically works with previous variations of Open Firmware, it did not make any distinction right here.

That message typically signifies that OF couldn’t reserve or map RAM. The NetBSD FAQ notes that this will likely require adjusting the load-base setting variable, which is the deal with to which the binary is loaded. Like all Energy Macs of this era, the Apple Community Server defaults to (hex) 4000, however for Cyberpunk I might solely be guessing the correct worth.

And that is assuming it is really the issue, in fact, as a result of one other chance is that NWstart is simply too large to load straight and desires a Shiner bootloader of its personal — which is not on the disc. Alternatively, the Apple developer recalled that the construct he noticed operating could have trusted assist in pre-production ROMs that wasn’t in launched techniques, similar to its potential besides Mac OS.

However, we are able to show that the Apple Community Server was meant to run Cyberpunk, and this proof persists even in manufacturing techniques.

Within the ANS’ Open Firmware 1.1.22, among the many different Forth phrases are three ones that preconfigure the Open Firmware setting variables, particularly setenv-monitor, setenv-aix and … setenv-netware. I’ve reproduced that under:

0 > see setenv-netware
: setenv-netware
  "false" "real-mode?" $setenv "ttya:19200" "input-device" $setenv
  "ttya:19200" "output-device" $setenv ?esb if
    "scsi-int/sd@2:0"
    else
    "scsi-int/sd@3:0"
    then
  "boot-device" $setenv
  ; okay
0 >

This does not appear to pop up within the thesaurus till you attempt to boot one thing, however for those who ask for it particularly, you will see it was really current all alongside. In addition to marveling on the reality this Forth phrase really exists, discover that it checks to see if the unit is an ESB (this refers to the Shiner prototype; ?esb is invariably false on manufacturing ANSes) and units the SCSI machine and boot partition accordingly. Nevertheless, it additionally appears to require {that a} “partition zero” bootloader be current, as all Open Firmware 1.x techniques do, and that bootloader just isn’t current on this CD. Regardless of the presence of an NWstart partition on the Cyberpunk disk picture, it would not appear to be in the proper format: if I join the BlueSCSI v1 to my ANS’ exterior SCSI, the ANS does see it however will not boot from any partition on it. Moreover, units 2/3 typically discuss with the primary laborious drive tray on the ANS, not the CD (0) or DAT/8mm tape (1). It is doable the ANS model of Cyberpunk could by no means have been dedicated to a bootable optical disc and solely existed on a tough drive which can also be since misplaced.

The opposite settings look like irrelevant to our failure, as real-mode? is false by default, and the AIX phrase additionally units up the serial port although it really works wonderful over the on-board VGA. Certainly, if the console setting have been the issue, you’d have anticipated the load to succeed, after which go haywire after it begins.

Are there different ghosts of Cyberpunk within the ANS ROM? Let’s dump it and discover out!

I went forward and set the Open Firmware console to ttya, which is inexplicably labeled port 2, and wired it up over null modem to the M1 MacBook Air which I set to by no means sleep. The ANS has a 4MB ROM and doesn’t must be specifically mapped into reminiscence; the command h# ffc00000 h# 00400000 dump will emit the whole contents as hex. After a pair hours of capturing the output from picocom, I had the whole transcript and wrote a fast and soiled Perl script to spit out a binary for evaluation. The ROM in my unit has an MD5 of 676809c236138574282fa8416c6c5a6d, an Apple checksum of $962F6C13 and a serious/minor model of $077D.4EFA.

In comparison with the “Tsunami” Energy Macintosh 9500, the Energy Mac the ANS was primarily based on, it must be of little shock because of Shiner’s tortured growth schedule that they’ve comparable ROMs. For instance, the eight JPEG photos — really 4 photos minimize up into items — current in most PCI Mac ROMs are additionally current within the ANS. (Since I do not suppose these Easter egg photos are well-known, I’ve reproduced them under within the order they seem, reassembled and enlarged. Three of the 4 photos have been additionally a part of a secret animation; see here and here.)

(This was the PowerSurge growth workforce in an collage created by Kurt Clark’s spouse. Al Kossow is at 6 o’clock [thanks Al!], with Tom Saulpaugh and Kurt Clark going clockwise from him. Are you able to determine others?)

(Iguana iguana powersurgius refers to each PowerSurge, the codename for the PCI Energy Mac undertaking, and Herman, a stay iguana who lived with engineer Dave Evans and was the mascot for System 7.5.2.)

(Infinite Loop at Apple.)

(This was the System 7.5.2 workforce photograph. Dave Evans seems with Herman on the backside. Aside from Dave Evans, are you able to determine others?)

As an alternative, the ANS ROM is extra notable for what it provides. The principle issues added to 1.1.22 over model 1.0.5 in most beige PCI Energy Macs have been an Open Firmware password safety mode (on AIX, that is synchronized with the foundation password), assist for the added ANS {hardware} such because the completely different SCSI controller, the LCD panel (take a look at, amongst others, the phrase lcd-putc) and the state of the keyswitch, improved assist for netbooting (although it is nonetheless hit and miss), a lot of new debugging phrases, and naturally assist for AIX and removing of MacOS although some bits of the Toolbox persist. By the way, right here is every message the LCD can show (you possibly can determine these as a result of most of them are fastened measurement):

InitVia_msg         ~
CudaSyncAck_msg     ~
InitCuda_msg        ~
Leaping To RAM Prog.~
Testing Parity DIMMs~
MainLBU Enet Setup  ~
Sounding Boot Beep  ~
Sizing RAM DIMMs    ~
ROM SIMM Information Entry~
Allocating RAM DIMMs~
MainLBU NVRAM Setup ~
CPU Card Data Setup ~
L2 Cache SIMM Setup ~
Testing L2Cache SIMM~
Exit to CallOpenBoot~
CudaNotResponding!!!~
TURN REAR KEY C.CLKW~
PULL OUT MOTHERBOARD~
HIT TINY RED BUTTON,~
CLOSE BOX & RESTART ~
Copyright (C) 1994-6~
Apple Pc, Inc.~
All Rights Reserved ~
 ROM v.1.1.22(2CPUs)~
  ROM vers.1.1.22   ~
Key Sw. Service Mode~
Video ID Dangerous~
MainLBU Video Failed~
MainLBU 825#1 Failed~
MainLBU 825#2 Failed~
 Taking Bounce Vector ~
MHz 604, ~
MHzBus~
KB Stage 2 Cache~
L2 Cache Check Begins~
L2Cache Dangerous@~
 MB Parity RAM  ~
 Megabytes RAM  ~
ParityAddrAtAddrFail~
 Megabytes RAM  ~
RAM Check #1 Begins  ~
ROM SIMM Check Begins~
NVRAM Check Begins   ~
RAM Check #2 Begins  ~
LONG RAM Check Begins~
Drive Fan Failed!   ~
Processor Fan Failed~
Temperature Too Sizzling!~
Temperature Warning!~
Left Energy Fail!    ~
Proper Energy Fail!   ~
Left Energy Sizzling!     ~
Proper Energy Sizzling!    ~
L2 Cache SIMM Failed~
ROM SIMM FAILED!    ~
MainLBU NVRAM Failed~
at Deal with  ~
 RAM DIMM ~
 Failed ~
 Failed ~
MBSoldered~
RAM/ROM/NVRAM:PASSED~

Discover that the strings above present SMP assist remained in manufacturing techniques (in line with it being a late cancellation), and there’s additionally an ANS-specific message guru meditation quantity 3 suggesting some Amigaphiles labored on Shiner. Nevertheless, there would not appear to be another particular assist for NetWare, and the one place within the ROM that the string netware seems is in that exact Forth phrase. This leads me to conclude that no matter particular assist was required was both a part of the prototype ROMs or by no means current within the firmware within the first place.

The actual fact the string persists in any respect was a symptom of the mad scramble to get Shiner out the door, as Michael Spindler’s vows for PIN triggered substantial delays in growth — and for no good purpose as Cyberpunk was finally destined by no means to see the sunshine of day. A part of this was Apple’s lack of ability to service giant clients successfully: though Apple deliberate to develop a sturdy enterprise assist possibility for NetWare, even citing a 24-hour cellphone hotline, two-day restore assure and four-hour emergency response, inside sources indicated that the cash-strapped Apple was “wrestling” with how you can really present such a service. The largest purpose, nonetheless, was Novell itself. In Ray Noorda’s quixotic quest to tackle Microsoft he had launched into a number of acquisitions similar to UnixWare from AT&T and the Digital Analysis buyout, with the aborted Apple merger being simply one among many such makes an attempt, and in March 1994 Noorda made his greatest transfer by shopping for fellow Utahn firm WordPerfect for the staggering worth of $1.4 billion (in 2023 over $2.8 billion).

The market was flabbergasted. Whereas WordPerfect was nonetheless a big pressure in phrase processing and had some presence in groupware, each its namesake product and present gross sales have been stagnating, and business observers broadly believed Noorda had grossly overpaid to enter a enterprise section Novell had no clear technique to dominate. With its inventory plunging by practically 1 / 4, Noorda was quietly compelled out as CEO in April and changed by Hewlett-Packard VP Robert Frankenberg, who was tasked with getting the corporate’s funds and course again on observe.

Frankenberg, clearly, didn’t unilaterally finish Novell’s settlement with Apple over Cyberpunk, as that April 1994 press launch I confirmed you earlier demonstrates. However by November Frankenberg had minimize free WordPerfect’s multimedia shopper software program (promoting many of the relaxation together with WordPerfect itself to Corel in 1996), mentioned DR-DOS would now not be up to date (promoting it to Caldera in 1996), ended the non-public version of UnixWare (promoting UnixWare to the Santa Cruz Operation in 1995, however critically not Novell’s Unix rights or copyrights as decided in SCO v. Novell), and in addition cancelled additional growth of the Processor Unbiased NetWare idea, which was later deserted fully for the forthcoming NetWare 5. Frankenberg made it clear PIN was now formally lifeless on PA-RISC and Alpha and any structure with an annual delivery base of lower than 1,000,000 items, that means it was successfully lifeless on nearly every part else, and Novell subsequently decided they themselves would port NetWare and UnixWare to non-Apple CHRP PowerPC techniques individually.

For Apple’s half, the construct we noticed right here was the one model of Cyberpunk identified to have been demonstrated to customers. Though Cupertino nonetheless publicly indicated their assist for a NetWare possibility as late as August 1995, Apple administration ultimately concluded NetWare was in decline and cancelled Cyberpunk outright in October. Novell’s commissioned port of PowerPC NetWare was accomplished by Cygnus the identical yr, nevertheless it by no means ran on Energy Macintosh {hardware} and noticed little use total, and was consequently the final model of NetWare ever launched for any non-Intel platform. As for Shiner, Cyberpunk’s meant goal, Apple thus concentrated its company sources behind Harpoon AIX and Shiner duly launched in 1996 because the Apple Community Server line, solely supporting AIX and nothing however.

NetWare’s final launch was 6.5 in 2003, being subsequently built-in into Novell Open Enterprise Server and eventually discontinued with Service Pack 8 in 2009. As we speak Novell’s IP in addition to Cyberpunk and Wormhole’s final vestiges reside with OpenText after buyouts by the Attachmate Group in 2011, Micro Focus in 2014 and OpenText in 2023.